Country comparison · 775 cities measured
Brazil vs India Air quality index (AQI) and deforestation
Brazil has cleaner air than India right now: its cities average AQI 37 against 152.
At ground stations alone, which measure rather than estimate, the averages are Brazil 46 (60 cities) and India 165 (219 cities). Brazil has lost more forest since 2001. India has more tree cover in its cities.
Updated . Lower is better on the US EPA index: 0–50 is Good, above 300 is Hazardous. Measured by Airleaf.
Brazil37India152
Head to head
Brazil vs India at a glance
Brazil and India are level, each ahead on 3 of 6 measures. The better figure in each row is marked.
| Brazil | India | |
|---|---|---|
| Average air qualityUS AQI, all measured cities. | 37 (better) | 152 |
| At ground stationsCities with a current station reading. | 46 (better) | 165 |
| Cities over AQI 100Not fine for sensitive groups. | 1% (better) | 75% |
| Forest lost since 2001The whole country. | 76.6 million ha | 2.6 million ha (better) |
| Share of its forest lostOf what it had in 2000. | 15% | 6.7% (better) |
| Average tree coverAcross its measured cities. | 26.2% | 27.3% (better) |
Air quality today
Is Brazil cleaner than India?
On air quality, yes, right now. Brazil has cleaner air than India right now: its cities average AQI 37 against 152.
At ground stations alone, which measure rather than estimate, the averages are Brazil 46 (60 cities) and India 165 (219 cities).
1% of the measured cities in Brazil are over AQI 100 today, the point where the air stops being fine for sensitive groups, against 75% in India.
How each country's cities split across the air quality bands
Brazil
- Good207 (68%)
- Moderate93 (31%)
- Unhealthy for sensitive groups3 (1%)
- Unhealthy1 (0%)
India
- Good4 (1%)
- Moderate113 (24%)
- Unhealthy for sensitive groups116 (25%)
- Unhealthy181 (38%)
- Very unhealthy34 (7%)
- Hazardous23 (5%)
Every measured city, including model estimates where no ground station is near.
Against everywhere else
How do Brazil and India compare with other countries?
Right now the cities of Brazil average cleaner air than 75% of the 171 countries Airleaf has enough cities to average, and those of India than 2%.
Cleaner air than…
- Brazil
- Beats 75%
- India
- Beats 2%
More tree cover than…
- Brazil
- Beats 55%
- India
- Beats 59%
Deforestation · 2001–2025
Which country has lost more forest, Brazil or India?
Brazil has lost more: about 76.6 million ha of forest from 2001 to 2025, against 2.6 million ha in India, or 29 times as much. 56.2 million ha of Brazil's was cleared for good, for farms, mines or towns; the rest burned, was logged or can grow back.
The whole country, from the yearly satellite maps of forest loss: unlike the city averages above, this counts every forest, not just the land around cities.
Worst year: 2016, with 5.41 million ha lost.
Worst year: 2017, with 190,000 ha lost.
| Brazil | India | |
|---|---|---|
| Forest lost since 2001Cleared, burned or logged. | 76.6 million ha | 2.6 million ha (better) |
| Share of its forestOf what it had in 2000. | 15% | 6.7% (better) |
| Cleared for goodTurned into farms, mines or towns. | 56.2 million ha | 730,000 ha (better) |
| Recent trend2021–2025 against the five years before. | Holding steady | Holding steady |
| Main known cause | Farms, pasture and plantations (73%) | Shifting farming (59%) |
Trees
Which country has more tree cover, Brazil or India?
India does: its measured cities average 27.3% tree cover against 26.2%, a gap of 1.1 percentage points.
| Brazil | India | |
|---|---|---|
| Trees standingSummed across measured cities. | 23.7M | 39.1M (better) |
| Cities below their targetShort of the canopy target. | 68% (better) | 77% |
| Trees still neededTo reach those targets. | 7.4M (better) | 19.0M |
Behind the averages
The cities behind Brazil and India
An average says nothing about how far apart the best and worst places are. These are the measured cities at each end.
Brazil
- Greenest measured city
- Petrópolis73.8% tree cover
- Worst air right now
- Duque de CaxiasAQI 185
Reading these numbers
What a country average is, and is not
It is a mean of cities
Not a national statistic. Each figure is the average across the cities Airleaf has measured: 304 in Brazil and 471 in India, each read over the same 2 km radius, on the US EPA index. Rural land and unmeasured towns are not in it.
Coverage shapes the number
A country measured mostly in its capital reads differently from one measured across dozens of towns. India rests on 471 cities against 304, so its average is the steadier of the two. Forest figures come from the University of Maryland's Global Forest Change maps.
Frequently asked
Brazil vs India: your questions answered
Is Brazil cleaner than India?
On air quality, yes, right now: Brazil's cities average AQI 37 against 152 on the US EPA index. These are live readings averaged across cities, so the gap moves with the weather. At ground stations alone, which measure rather than estimate, the averages are Brazil 46 (60 cities) and India 165 (219 cities).
Which country has lost more forest, Brazil or India?
Brazil has lost more: about 76.6 million ha of forest from 2001 to 2025, against 2.6 million ha in India, or 29 times as much. 56.2 million ha of Brazil's was cleared for good, for farms, mines or towns; the rest burned, was logged or can grow back.
Which country has more tree cover, Brazil or India?
India does: its measured cities average 27.3% tree cover against 26.2%, a gap of 1.1 percentage points.
How many cities are the Brazil and India figures based on?
304 measured cities in Brazil and 471 in India. Every one was read the same way, so the two averages are directly comparable, but a country with more measured cities has the more settled figure.
Why are there two air quality averages for each country?
The first covers every measured city, using a ground station where one is close and a model estimate everywhere else. The second counts only cities with a current station reading, which is measured rather than estimated but covers fewer places. Airleaf's world rankings use the station figures only.
Does this cover the whole of Brazil and India?
The air and tree figures are not: they are the cities Airleaf has measured, each over the same 2 km radius, so treat them as a comparison of urban air and urban tree cover. The forest figures are: they count every forest in the country.
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