Country comparison · 1,110 cities measured
China vs India Air quality index (AQI) and deforestation
China has cleaner air than India right now: its cities average AQI 114 against 152.
At ground stations alone, which measure rather than estimate, the averages are China 125 (433 cities) and India 165 (219 cities). China has lost more forest since 2001. India has more tree cover in its cities.
Updated . Lower is better on the US EPA index: 0–50 is Good, above 300 is Hazardous. Measured by Airleaf.
China114India152
Head to head
China vs India at a glance
China and India are level, each ahead on 3 of 6 measures. The better figure in each row is marked.
| China | India | |
|---|---|---|
| Average air qualityUS AQI, all measured cities. | 114 (better) | 152 |
| At ground stationsCities with a current station reading. | 125 (better) | 165 |
| Cities over AQI 100Not fine for sensitive groups. | 55% (better) | 75% |
| Forest lost since 2001The whole country. | 13.5 million ha | 2.6 million ha (better) |
| Share of its forest lostOf what it had in 2000. | 8.3% | 6.7% (better) |
| Average tree coverAcross its measured cities. | 22.9% | 27.3% (better) |
Air quality today
Is China cleaner than India?
On air quality, yes, right now. China has cleaner air than India right now: its cities average AQI 114 against 152.
At ground stations alone, which measure rather than estimate, the averages are China 125 (433 cities) and India 165 (219 cities).
55% of the measured cities in China are over AQI 100 today, the point where the air stops being fine for sensitive groups, against 75% in India.
How each country's cities split across the air quality bands
China
- Good47 (7%)
- Moderate241 (38%)
- Unhealthy for sensitive groups141 (22%)
- Unhealthy190 (30%)
- Very unhealthy20 (3%)
India
- Good4 (1%)
- Moderate113 (24%)
- Unhealthy for sensitive groups116 (25%)
- Unhealthy181 (38%)
- Very unhealthy34 (7%)
- Hazardous23 (5%)
Every measured city, including model estimates where no ground station is near.
Against everywhere else
How do China and India compare with other countries?
Right now the cities of China average cleaner air than 4% of the 171 countries Airleaf has enough cities to average, and those of India than 2%.
Cleaner air than…
- China
- Beats 4%
- India
- Beats 2%
More tree cover than…
- China
- Beats 46%
- India
- Beats 59%
Deforestation · 2001–2025
Which country has lost more forest, China or India?
China has lost more: about 13.5 million ha of forest from 2001 to 2025, against 2.6 million ha in India, or 5.2 times as much. 2.24 million ha of China's was cleared for good, for farms, mines or towns; the rest burned, was logged or can grow back.
The whole country, from the yearly satellite maps of forest loss: unlike the city averages above, this counts every forest, not just the land around cities.
Worst year: 2008, with 739,000 ha lost.
Worst year: 2017, with 190,000 ha lost.
| China | India | |
|---|---|---|
| Forest lost since 2001Cleared, burned or logged. | 13.5 million ha | 2.6 million ha (better) |
| Share of its forestOf what it had in 2000. | 8.3% | 6.7% (better) |
| Cleared for goodTurned into farms, mines or towns. | 2.24 million ha | 730,000 ha (better) |
| Recent trend2021–2025 against the five years before. | Holding steady | Holding steady |
| Main known cause | Logging (75%) | Shifting farming (59%) |
Trees
Which country has more tree cover, China or India?
India does: its measured cities average 27.3% tree cover against 22.9%, a gap of 4.4 percentage points.
| China | India | |
|---|---|---|
| Trees standingSummed across measured cities. | 43.8M (better) | 39.1M |
| Cities below their targetShort of the canopy target. | 81% | 77% (better) |
| Trees still neededTo reach those targets. | 27.4M | 19.0M (better) |
Behind the averages
The cities behind China and India
An average says nothing about how far apart the best and worst places are. These are the measured cities at each end.
Reading these numbers
What a country average is, and is not
It is a mean of cities
Not a national statistic. Each figure is the average across the cities Airleaf has measured: 639 in China and 471 in India, each read over the same 2 km radius, on the US EPA index. Rural land and unmeasured towns are not in it.
Coverage shapes the number
A country measured mostly in its capital reads differently from one measured across dozens of towns. China rests on 639 cities against 471, so its average is the steadier of the two. Forest figures come from the University of Maryland's Global Forest Change maps.
Frequently asked
China vs India: your questions answered
Is China cleaner than India?
On air quality, yes, right now: China's cities average AQI 114 against 152 on the US EPA index. These are live readings averaged across cities, so the gap moves with the weather. At ground stations alone, which measure rather than estimate, the averages are China 125 (433 cities) and India 165 (219 cities).
Which country has lost more forest, China or India?
China has lost more: about 13.5 million ha of forest from 2001 to 2025, against 2.6 million ha in India, or 5.2 times as much. 2.24 million ha of China's was cleared for good, for farms, mines or towns; the rest burned, was logged or can grow back.
Which country has more tree cover, China or India?
India does: its measured cities average 27.3% tree cover against 22.9%, a gap of 4.4 percentage points.
How many cities are the China and India figures based on?
639 measured cities in China and 471 in India. Every one was read the same way, so the two averages are directly comparable, but a country with more measured cities has the more settled figure.
Why are there two air quality averages for each country?
The first covers every measured city, using a ground station where one is close and a model estimate everywhere else. The second counts only cities with a current station reading, which is measured rather than estimated but covers fewer places. Airleaf's world rankings use the station figures only.
Does this cover the whole of China and India?
The air and tree figures are not: they are the cities Airleaf has measured, each over the same 2 km radius, so treat them as a comparison of urban air and urban tree cover. The forest figures are: they count every forest in the country.
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