Deforestation · 2001–2025
Deforestation in India
Since 2001, India has lost about 2.6 million hectares of forest (about 26,000 km²): 6.7% of the forest it had in 2000. Most of it was lost to shifting farming, so much of it can grow back. About 730,000 hectares (28%) was deforestation: forest cleared for good for farms, mines or towns.
- Forest in 2000
- 38.8 million ha
- Forest lost since 2001
- 2.6 million ha6.7% of it, about 26,000 km²
- Cleared for good
- 730,000 hadeforestation, 28% of the loss
- Worst year
- 2017190,000 ha lost
Map
Where India has lost forest
Every square kilometre of India as satellites saw it from 2000 to 2025. Yellow and green were forest; red to white marks where it has been lost since 2001, and when.
- Forest cover in 2000
- 0%25%50%75%100%How much of the land was forest: dark purple had little or none, yellow was dense forest.
- Year the forest was lost
- 200120132025Where forest was cut down, burned or cleared since 2001: red for the early years, through orange, to white for the most recent. Solid where a fifth or more of a place's forest went, fainter where 8% or more did.
- Cities
- The capital (the larger dot) and the biggest cities, to help you find your way.
Year by year
Forest lost in India, year by year
Forest loss has stayed about the same: about 133,000 hectares a year in 2021–2025, against 152,000 hectares a year in 2016–2020. The worst year was 2017, when about 190,000 hectares of forest were lost.
Hectares of forest lost each year
Show the figures as a table
| Year | Cleared for good | Can grow back | Total |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2001 | 18,100 ha | 44,000 ha | 62,100 ha |
| 2002 | 16,500 ha | 36,300 ha | 52,800 ha |
| 2003 | 15,000 ha | 32,400 ha | 47,300 ha |
| 2004 | 26,800 ha | 47,500 ha | 74,300 ha |
| 2005 | 21,200 ha | 40,500 ha | 61,700 ha |
| 2006 | 26,800 ha | 40,500 ha | 67,300 ha |
| 2007 | 34,300 ha | 39,500 ha | 73,800 ha |
| 2008 | 39,200 ha | 46,400 ha | 85,500 ha |
| 2009 | 35,600 ha | 43,200 ha | 78,800 ha |
| 2010 | 20,900 ha | 30,100 ha | 50,900 ha |
| 2011 | 48,700 ha | 39,600 ha | 88,300 ha |
| 2012 | 38,300 ha | 56,300 ha | 94,600 ha |
| 2013 | 14,900 ha | 65,700 ha | 80,600 ha |
| 2014 | 27,600 ha | 111,000 ha | 139,000 ha |
| 2015 | 16,300 ha | 100,000 ha | 116,000 ha |
| 2016 | 31,000 ha | 145,000 ha | 176,000 ha |
| 2017 | 35,100 ha | 155,000 ha | 190,000 ha |
| 2018 | 26,200 ha | 106,000 ha | 132,000 ha |
| 2019 | 24,700 ha | 97,000 ha | 122,000 ha |
| 2020 | 28,400 ha | 110,000 ha | 139,000 ha |
| 2021 | 27,900 ha | 106,000 ha | 134,000 ha |
| 2022 | 30,900 ha | 92,000 ha | 123,000 ha |
| 2023 | 46,700 ha | 97,500 ha | 144,000 ha |
| 2024 | 39,100 ha | 95,300 ha | 134,000 ha |
| 2025 | 39,600 ha | 89,500 ha | 129,000 ha |
The satellite method improved in 2011, so compare recent years with each other rather than with the 2000s. Hover over or tap a year for its figures.
Causes
What is causing deforestation in India?
- 28%cleared for good (deforestation)
- 71%can grow back (fire, logging, storms)
- 1.3%cause unknown
- Shifting farming59% · 1.54 million ha
Can grow back. Small patches cleared to grow crops for a few seasons, then left to grow back.
- Farms, pasture and plantations26% · 670,000 ha
Cleared for good. Forest cleared for crops, cattle pasture or tree plantations: the biggest cause of deforestation in the world.
- Logging9% · 234,000 ha
Can grow back. Trees cut for timber or paper. The land usually stays forest and grows back.
- Storms, floods and other natural causes1.8% · 45,700 ha
Can grow back. Trees killed by storms, floods, landslides, pests or disease.
- Towns and roads1.5% · 39,400 ha
Cleared for good. Forest replaced by houses, buildings and roads.
- Unknown causes1.3% · 33,200 ha
Cause unknown. The satellites saw the trees go, but not why.
Also, each under 1%: mining and energy, wildfires.
Causes for 2025 are estimates, based on what caused forest loss in the same places up to 2024.
Is all forest loss deforestation?
No. When forest is cleared for farms, mines or towns, it is gone for good: that is deforestation. When it is logged or burned, it usually grows back. We count both as forest lost, but only the first as deforestation, so a country with a bad fire year isn't shown as clearing its forest for good.
States that lost the most
| State | Forest lost | Share of its forest | Cleared for good |
|---|---|---|---|
| Assam | 363,000 ha | 13% | 127,000 ha |
| Mizoram | 360,000 ha | 19% | 12,900 ha |
| Nagaland | 273,000 ha | 21% | 20,800 ha |
| Manipur | 265,000 ha | 16% | 14,300 ha |
| Meghalaya | 259,000 ha | 15% | 39,800 ha |
| Odisha | 156,000 ha | 5.8% | 52,900 ha |
| Tripura | 154,000 ha | 23% | 49,900 ha |
| Kerala | 118,000 ha | 4.5% | 103,000 ha |
| Karnataka | 62,100 ha | 2.7% | 50,800 ha |
| Chhattisgarh | 60,000 ha | 2.3% | 29,400 ha |
| Andhra Pradesh | 44,700 ha | 4% | 28,300 ha |
| Telangana | 43,800 ha | 6.7% | 41,700 ha |
Cities that lost the most forest around them
Forest lost within 10 km of each city centre since 2001.
| City | Forest lost | Share of its forest | Cleared for good |
|---|---|---|---|
| Aizawl | 2,460 ha | 9.5% | 489 ha |
| Shillong | 2,400 ha | 15% | 1,350 ha |
| Dimāpur | 2,010 ha | 19% | 1,470 ha |
| Tinsukia | 1,500 ha | 12% | 1,130 ha |
| Ooty | 1,310 ha | 8.2% | 714 ha |
| Jaigaon | 992 ha | 6.1% | 622 ha |
| Dibrugarh | 716 ha | 13% | 552 ha |
| Agartala | 632 ha | 11% | 613 ha |
| Chikmagalūr | 578 ha | 6.2% | 500 ha |
| Port Blair | 568 ha | 6.5% | 502 ha |
Frequently asked
Questions about deforestation in India
How much forest has India lost since 2001?
Since 2001, India has lost about 2.6 million hectares of forest (about 26,000 km²): 6.7% of the forest it had in 2000. Most of it was lost to shifting farming, so much of it can grow back. About 730,000 hectares (28%) was deforestation: forest cleared for good for farms, mines or towns.
Is deforestation in India getting worse?
Forest loss has stayed about the same: about 133,000 hectares a year in 2021–2025, against 152,000 hectares a year in 2016–2020. These are five-year averages from 2011 on, the years the satellite maps were all made the same way.
What is causing deforestation in India?
The main causes of forest loss since 2001 are shifting farming (59%), farms, pasture and plantations (26%), logging (9%). About 730,000 hectares was deforestation, meaning forest cleared for good for farms, mines or towns. Causes for 2025 are estimates, based on what caused forest loss in the same places up to 2024.
What was the worst year for forest loss in India?
The worst year was 2017, when about 190,000 hectares of forest were lost.
How is forest loss measured?
We use satellite maps from the University of Maryland (Hansen and colleagues) that show, for every 30 × 30 m patch of land on Earth, the year its trees were cut down, burned or died, from 2001 to 2025. We add up those patches in India, counting only places that were at least 30% covered by trees in 2000. The cause of each loss comes from a map made by the World Resources Institute and Google DeepMind. All figures are estimates.