Deforestation · 2001–2025
Deforestation in Indonesia
Since 2001, Indonesia has lost about 33 million hectares of forest (about 330,000 km²): 21% of the forest it had in 2000. Most of it (76%) was deforestation, forest cleared for good, mainly for farms, pasture and plantations.
- Forest in 2000
- 159 million ha
- Forest lost since 2001
- 33 million ha21% of it, about 330,000 km²
- Cleared for good
- 25 million hadeforestation, 76% of the loss
- Worst year
- 20162.41 million ha lost
Map
Where Indonesia has lost forest
Every square kilometre of Indonesia as satellites saw it from 2000 to 2025. Yellow and green were forest; red to white marks where it has been lost since 2001, and when.
- Forest cover in 2000
- 0%25%50%75%100%How much of the land was forest: dark purple had little or none, yellow was dense forest.
- Year the forest was lost
- 200120132025Where forest was cut down, burned or cleared since 2001: red for the early years, through orange, to white for the most recent. Solid where a fifth or more of a place's forest went, fainter where 8% or more did.
- Cities
- The capital (the larger dot) and the biggest cities, to help you find your way.
Year by year
Forest lost in Indonesia, year by year
Forest loss has stayed about the same: about 1.08 million hectares a year in 2021–2025, against 1.41 million hectares a year in 2016–2020. The worst year was 2016, when about 2.41 million hectares of forest were lost.
Hectares of forest lost each year
Show the figures as a table
| Year | Cleared for good | Can grow back | Total |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2001 | 564,000 ha | 175,000 ha | 739,000 ha |
| 2002 | 615,000 ha | 234,000 ha | 849,000 ha |
| 2003 | 346,000 ha | 197,000 ha | 543,000 ha |
| 2004 | 981,000 ha | 302,000 ha | 1.28 million ha |
| 2005 | 921,000 ha | 254,000 ha | 1.18 million ha |
| 2006 | 1.17 million ha | 262,000 ha | 1.43 million ha |
| 2007 | 1 million ha | 382,000 ha | 1.39 million ha |
| 2008 | 1.12 million ha | 268,000 ha | 1.39 million ha |
| 2009 | 1.62 million ha | 312,000 ha | 1.93 million ha |
| 2010 | 1 million ha | 272,000 ha | 1.28 million ha |
| 2011 | 1.24 million ha | 297,000 ha | 1.54 million ha |
| 2012 | 1.86 million ha | 401,000 ha | 2.26 million ha |
| 2013 | 925,000 ha | 211,000 ha | 1.14 million ha |
| 2014 | 1.45 million ha | 433,000 ha | 1.88 million ha |
| 2015 | 1.16 million ha | 574,000 ha | 1.73 million ha |
| 2016 | 1.35 million ha | 1.06 million ha | 2.41 million ha |
| 2017 | 997,000 ha | 295,000 ha | 1.29 million ha |
| 2018 | 933,000 ha | 278,000 ha | 1.21 million ha |
| 2019 | 851,000 ha | 316,000 ha | 1.17 million ha |
| 2020 | 690,000 ha | 264,000 ha | 954,000 ha |
| 2021 | 648,000 ha | 187,000 ha | 835,000 ha |
| 2022 | 692,000 ha | 187,000 ha | 880,000 ha |
| 2023 | 1.12 million ha | 264,000 ha | 1.39 million ha |
| 2024 | 879,000 ha | 238,000 ha | 1.12 million ha |
| 2025 | 837,000 ha | 322,000 ha | 1.16 million ha |
The satellite method improved in 2011, so compare recent years with each other rather than with the 2000s. Hover over or tap a year for its figures.
Causes
What is causing deforestation in Indonesia?
- 76%cleared for good (deforestation)
- 24%can grow back (fire, logging, storms)
- Farms, pasture and plantations73% · 24.1 million ha
Cleared for good. Forest cleared for crops, cattle pasture or tree plantations: the biggest cause of deforestation in the world.
- Logging10% · 3.44 million ha
Can grow back. Trees cut for timber or paper. The land usually stays forest and grows back.
- Wildfires6.9% · 2.29 million ha
Can grow back. Forest burned. It often grows back, though fire is sometimes used to clear land for good.
- Shifting farming5.7% · 1.88 million ha
Can grow back. Small patches cleared to grow crops for a few seasons, then left to grow back.
- Mining and energy2.2% · 732,000 ha
Cleared for good. Forest cleared for mines, oil and gas, power lines and dams.
Also, each under 1%: storms, floods and other natural causes, towns and roads, unknown causes.
Causes for 2025 are estimates, based on what caused forest loss in the same places up to 2024.
Is all forest loss deforestation?
No. When forest is cleared for farms, mines or towns, it is gone for good: that is deforestation. When it is logged or burned, it usually grows back. We count both as forest lost, but only the first as deforestation, so a country with a bad fire year isn't shown as clearing its forest for good.
Provinces that lost the most
| Province | Forest lost | Share of its forest | Cleared for good |
|---|---|---|---|
| West Kalimantan | 4.36 million ha | 32% | 3.51 million ha |
| Riau | 4.36 million ha | 57% | 3.29 million ha |
| East Kalimantan | 4.04 million ha | 22% | 3.11 million ha |
| Central Kalimantan | 3.95 million ha | 28% | 2.5 million ha |
| South Sumatra | 3.34 million ha | 49% | 2.68 million ha |
| Jambi | 2.2 million ha | 47% | 1.8 million ha |
| North Sumatra | 1.72 million ha | 29% | 1.44 million ha |
| South Kalimantan | 1,000,000 ha | 34% | 855,000 ha |
| Aceh | 885,000 ha | 18% | 761,000 ha |
| Central Sulawesi | 852,000 ha | 16% | 518,000 ha |
| Papua | 808,000 ha | 2.7% | 317,000 ha |
| West Sumatra | 762,000 ha | 20% | 597,000 ha |
Cities that lost the most forest around them
Forest lost within 10 km of each city centre since 2001.
| City | Forest lost | Share of its forest | Cleared for good |
|---|---|---|---|
| Subulussalam | 19,500 ha | 69% | 19,500 ha |
| Nusantara | 18,900 ha | 68% | 7,440 ha |
| Sampit | 16,300 ha | 62% | 9,070 ha |
| Prabumulih | 15,700 ha | 57% | 15,700 ha |
| Pangkalanbuun | 15,600 ha | 62% | 14,700 ha |
| Baturaja | 13,900 ha | 53% | 13,900 ha |
| Rantauprapat | 11,200 ha | 40% | 11,000 ha |
| Kisaran | 11,000 ha | 44% | 11,000 ha |
| Tebingtinggi | 10,800 ha | 57% | 10,800 ha |
| Palangkaraya | 10,200 ha | 42% | 3,920 ha |
Satellite timelapses of cities in Indonesia
A satellite photo a year since 2017, with the forest lost marked on it, and the figures for each city.
Frequently asked
Questions about deforestation in Indonesia
How much forest has Indonesia lost since 2001?
Since 2001, Indonesia has lost about 33 million hectares of forest (about 330,000 km²): 21% of the forest it had in 2000. Most of it (76%) was deforestation, forest cleared for good, mainly for farms, pasture and plantations.
Is deforestation in Indonesia getting worse?
Forest loss has stayed about the same: about 1.08 million hectares a year in 2021–2025, against 1.41 million hectares a year in 2016–2020. These are five-year averages from 2011 on, the years the satellite maps were all made the same way.
What is causing deforestation in Indonesia?
The main causes of forest loss since 2001 are farms, pasture and plantations (73%), logging (10%), wildfires (6.9%). About 25 million hectares was deforestation, meaning forest cleared for good for farms, mines or towns. Causes for 2025 are estimates, based on what caused forest loss in the same places up to 2024.
What was the worst year for forest loss in Indonesia?
The worst year was 2016, when about 2.41 million hectares of forest were lost.
How is forest loss measured?
We use satellite maps from the University of Maryland (Hansen and colleagues) that show, for every 30 × 30 m patch of land on Earth, the year its trees were cut down, burned or died, from 2001 to 2025. We add up those patches in Indonesia, counting only places that were at least 30% covered by trees in 2000. The cause of each loss comes from a map made by the World Resources Institute and Google DeepMind. All figures are estimates.