Country comparison · 627 cities measured
India vs Indonesia Air quality index (AQI) and deforestation
Indonesia has cleaner air than India right now: its cities average AQI 82 against 158.
At ground stations alone, which measure rather than estimate, the averages are India 169 (210 cities) and Indonesia 105 (39 cities). Indonesia has lost more forest since 2001. Indonesia has more tree cover in its cities.
Updated . Lower is better on the US EPA index: 0–50 is Good, above 300 is Hazardous. Measured by Airleaf.
India158Indonesia82
Head to head
India vs Indonesia at a glance
Indonesia is ahead on 4 of 6 measures, and India on 2. The better figure in each row is marked.
| India | Indonesia | |
|---|---|---|
| Average air qualityUS AQI, all measured cities. | 158 | 82 (better) |
| At ground stationsCities with a current station reading. | 169 | 105 (better) |
| Cities over AQI 100Not fine for sensitive groups. | 76% | 26% (better) |
| Forest lost since 2001The whole country. | 2.6 million ha (better) | 33 million ha |
| Share of its forest lostOf what it had in 2000. | 6.7% (better) | 21% |
| Average tree coverAcross its measured cities. | 27.3% | 28.0% (better) |
Air quality today
Is Indonesia cleaner than India?
On air quality, yes, right now. Indonesia has cleaner air than India right now: its cities average AQI 82 against 158.
At ground stations alone, which measure rather than estimate, the averages are India 169 (210 cities) and Indonesia 105 (39 cities).
76% of the measured cities in India are over AQI 100 today, the point where the air stops being fine for sensitive groups, against 26% in Indonesia.
How each country's cities split across the air quality bands
India
- Good4 (1%)
- Moderate109 (23%)
- Unhealthy for sensitive groups111 (24%)
- Unhealthy189 (40%)
- Very unhealthy36 (8%)
- Hazardous22 (5%)
Indonesia
- Good31 (20%)
- Moderate85 (54%)
- Unhealthy for sensitive groups20 (13%)
- Unhealthy19 (12%)
- Very unhealthy1 (1%)
Every measured city, including model estimates where no ground station is near.
Against everywhere else
How do India and Indonesia compare with other countries?
Right now the cities of India average cleaner air than 1% of the 171 countries Airleaf has enough cities to average, and those of Indonesia than 14%.
Cleaner air than…
- India
- Beats 1%
- Indonesia
- Beats 14%
More tree cover than…
- India
- Beats 59%
- Indonesia
- Beats 61%
Deforestation · 2001–2025
Which country has lost more forest, India or Indonesia?
Indonesia has lost more: about 33 million ha of forest from 2001 to 2025, against 2.6 million ha in India, or 13 times as much. 25 million ha of Indonesia's was cleared for good, for farms, mines or towns; the rest burned, was logged or can grow back.
The whole country, from the yearly satellite maps of forest loss: unlike the city averages above, this counts every forest, not just the land around cities.
Worst year: 2017, with 190,000 ha lost.
Worst year: 2016, with 2.41 million ha lost.
| India | Indonesia | |
|---|---|---|
| Forest lost since 2001Cleared, burned or logged. | 2.6 million ha (better) | 33 million ha |
| Share of its forestOf what it had in 2000. | 6.7% (better) | 21% |
| Cleared for goodTurned into farms, mines or towns. | 730,000 ha (better) | 25 million ha |
| Recent trend2021–2025 against the five years before. | Holding steady | Holding steady |
| Main known cause | Shifting farming (59%) | Farms, pasture and plantations (73%) |
Trees
Which country has more tree cover, India or Indonesia?
Indonesia does: its measured cities average 28.0% tree cover against 27.3%, a gap of 0.7 percentage points.
| India | Indonesia | |
|---|---|---|
| Trees standingSummed across measured cities. | 39.1M (better) | 12.9M |
| Cities below their targetShort of the canopy target. | 78% | 67% (better) |
| Trees still neededTo reach those targets. | 19.3M | 4.0M (better) |
Behind the averages
The cities behind India and Indonesia
An average says nothing about how far apart the best and worst places are. These are the measured cities at each end.
Indonesia
- Greenest measured city
- Subulussalam75.8% tree cover
- Worst air right now
- PerbaunganAQI 159
Reading these numbers
What a country average is, and is not
It is a mean of cities
Not a national statistic. Each figure is the average across the cities Airleaf has measured: 471 in India and 156 in Indonesia, each read over the same 2 km radius, on the US EPA index. Rural land and unmeasured towns are not in it.
Coverage shapes the number
A country measured mostly in its capital reads differently from one measured across dozens of towns. India rests on 471 cities against 156, so its average is the steadier of the two. Forest figures come from the University of Maryland's Global Forest Change maps.
Frequently asked
India vs Indonesia: your questions answered
Is Indonesia cleaner than India?
On air quality, yes, right now: Indonesia's cities average AQI 82 against 158 on the US EPA index. These are live readings averaged across cities, so the gap moves with the weather. At ground stations alone, which measure rather than estimate, the averages are India 169 (210 cities) and Indonesia 105 (39 cities).
Which country has lost more forest, India or Indonesia?
Indonesia has lost more: about 33 million ha of forest from 2001 to 2025, against 2.6 million ha in India, or 13 times as much. 25 million ha of Indonesia's was cleared for good, for farms, mines or towns; the rest burned, was logged or can grow back.
Which country has more tree cover, India or Indonesia?
Indonesia does: its measured cities average 28.0% tree cover against 27.3%, a gap of 0.7 percentage points.
How many cities are the India and Indonesia figures based on?
471 measured cities in India and 156 in Indonesia. Every one was read the same way, so the two averages are directly comparable, but a country with more measured cities has the more settled figure.
Why are there two air quality averages for each country?
The first covers every measured city, using a ground station where one is close and a model estimate everywhere else. The second counts only cities with a current station reading, which is measured rather than estimated but covers fewer places. Airleaf's world rankings use the station figures only.
Does this cover the whole of India and Indonesia?
The air and tree figures are not: they are the cities Airleaf has measured, each over the same 2 km radius, so treat them as a comparison of urban air and urban tree cover. The forest figures are: they count every forest in the country.
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