Country comparison · 213 cities measured
Indonesia vs Spain Air quality index (AQI) and deforestation
Spain has cleaner air than Indonesia right now: its cities average AQI 21 against 81.
At ground stations alone, which measure rather than estimate, the averages are Indonesia 96 (39 cities) and Spain 24 (30 cities). Indonesia has lost more forest since 2001. Indonesia has more tree cover in its cities.
Updated . Lower is better on the US EPA index: 0–50 is Good, above 300 is Hazardous. Measured by Airleaf.
Indonesia81Spain21
Head to head
Indonesia vs Spain at a glance
Spain is ahead on 5 of 6 measures, and Indonesia on 1. The better figure in each row is marked.
| Indonesia | Spain | |
|---|---|---|
| Average air qualityUS AQI, all measured cities. | 81 | 21 (better) |
| At ground stationsCities with a current station reading. | 96 | 24 (better) |
| Cities over AQI 100Not fine for sensitive groups. | 19% | 0% (better) |
| Forest lost since 2001The whole country. | 33 million ha | 1.79 million ha (better) |
| Share of its forest lostOf what it had in 2000. | 21% | 17% (better) |
| Average tree coverAcross its measured cities. | 28.0% (better) | 14.3% |
Air quality today
Is Spain cleaner than Indonesia?
On air quality, yes, right now. Spain has cleaner air than Indonesia right now: its cities average AQI 21 against 81.
At ground stations alone, which measure rather than estimate, the averages are Indonesia 96 (39 cities) and Spain 24 (30 cities).
19% of the measured cities in Indonesia are over AQI 100 today, the point where the air stops being fine for sensitive groups, against 0% in Spain.
How each country's cities split across the air quality bands
Indonesia
- Good31 (20%)
- Moderate95 (61%)
- Unhealthy for sensitive groups14 (9%)
- Unhealthy15 (10%)
- Very unhealthy1 (1%)
Spain
- Good56 (98%)
- Moderate1 (2%)
Every measured city, including model estimates where no ground station is near.
Against everywhere else
How do Indonesia and Spain compare with other countries?
Right now the cities of Indonesia average cleaner air than 12% of the 171 countries Airleaf has enough cities to average, and those of Spain than 98%.
Cleaner air than…
- Indonesia
- Beats 12%
- Spain
- Beats 98%
More tree cover than…
- Indonesia
- Beats 61%
- Spain
- Beats 28%
Deforestation · 2001–2025
Which country has lost more forest, Indonesia or Spain?
Indonesia has lost more: about 33 million ha of forest from 2001 to 2025, against 1.79 million ha in Spain, or 18 times as much. 25 million ha of Indonesia's was cleared for good, for farms, mines or towns; the rest burned, was logged or can grow back.
The whole country, from the yearly satellite maps of forest loss: unlike the city averages above, this counts every forest, not just the land around cities.
Worst year: 2016, with 2.41 million ha lost.
Worst year: 2025, with 153,000 ha lost.
| Indonesia | Spain | |
|---|---|---|
| Forest lost since 2001Cleared, burned or logged. | 33 million ha | 1.79 million ha (better) |
| Share of its forestOf what it had in 2000. | 21% | 17% (better) |
| Cleared for goodTurned into farms, mines or towns. | 25 million ha | 81,100 ha (better) |
| Recent trend2021–2025 against the five years before. | Holding steady | Holding steady |
| Main known cause | Farms, pasture and plantations (73%) | Logging (65%) |
Trees
Which country has more tree cover, Indonesia or Spain?
Indonesia does: its measured cities average 28.0% tree cover against 14.3%, a gap of 13.7 percentage points.
| Indonesia | Spain | |
|---|---|---|
| Trees standingSummed across measured cities. | 12.9M (better) | 2.4M |
| Cities below their targetShort of the canopy target. | 67% (better) | 91% |
| Trees still neededTo reach those targets. | 3.9M | 2.6M (better) |
Behind the averages
The cities behind Indonesia and Spain
An average says nothing about how far apart the best and worst places are. These are the measured cities at each end.
Indonesia
- Greenest measured city
- Subulussalam75.8% tree cover
- Worst air right now
- ParungAQI 153
Reading these numbers
What a country average is, and is not
It is a mean of cities
Not a national statistic. Each figure is the average across the cities Airleaf has measured: 156 in Indonesia and 57 in Spain, each read over the same 2 km radius, on the US EPA index. Rural land and unmeasured towns are not in it.
Coverage shapes the number
A country measured mostly in its capital reads differently from one measured across dozens of towns. Indonesia rests on 156 cities against 57, so its average is the steadier of the two. Forest figures come from the University of Maryland's Global Forest Change maps.
Frequently asked
Indonesia vs Spain: your questions answered
Is Spain cleaner than Indonesia?
On air quality, yes, right now: Spain's cities average AQI 21 against 81 on the US EPA index. These are live readings averaged across cities, so the gap moves with the weather. At ground stations alone, which measure rather than estimate, the averages are Indonesia 96 (39 cities) and Spain 24 (30 cities).
Which country has lost more forest, Indonesia or Spain?
Indonesia has lost more: about 33 million ha of forest from 2001 to 2025, against 1.79 million ha in Spain, or 18 times as much. 25 million ha of Indonesia's was cleared for good, for farms, mines or towns; the rest burned, was logged or can grow back.
Which country has more tree cover, Indonesia or Spain?
Indonesia does: its measured cities average 28.0% tree cover against 14.3%, a gap of 13.7 percentage points.
How many cities are the Indonesia and Spain figures based on?
156 measured cities in Indonesia and 57 in Spain. Every one was read the same way, so the two averages are directly comparable, but a country with more measured cities has the more settled figure.
Why are there two air quality averages for each country?
The first covers every measured city, using a ground station where one is close and a model estimate everywhere else. The second counts only cities with a current station reading, which is measured rather than estimated but covers fewer places. Airleaf's world rankings use the station figures only.
Does this cover the whole of Indonesia and Spain?
The air and tree figures are not: they are the cities Airleaf has measured, each over the same 2 km radius, so treat them as a comparison of urban air and urban tree cover. The forest figures are: they count every forest in the country.
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