Deforestation · 2001–2025
Deforestation in Madagascar
Since 2001, Madagascar has lost about 5.42 million hectares of forest (about 54,000 km²): 32% of the forest it had in 2000. Most of it was lost to shifting farming, so much of it can grow back. About 1.13 million hectares (21%) was deforestation: forest cleared for good for farms, mines or towns.
- Forest in 2000
- 17.1 million ha
- Forest lost since 2001
- 5.42 million ha32% of it, about 54,000 km²
- Cleared for good
- 1.13 million hadeforestation, 21% of the loss
- Worst year
- 2017511,000 ha lost
Map
Where Madagascar has lost forest
Every square kilometre of Madagascar as satellites saw it from 2000 to 2025. Yellow and green were forest; red to white marks where it has been lost since 2001, and when.
- Forest cover in 2000
- 0%25%50%75%100%How much of the land was forest: dark purple had little or none, yellow was dense forest.
- Year the forest was lost
- 200120132025Where forest was cut down, burned or cleared since 2001: red for the early years, through orange, to white for the most recent. Solid where a fifth or more of a place's forest went, fainter where 8% or more did.
- Cities
- The capital (the larger dot) and the biggest cities, to help you find your way.
Year by year
Forest lost in Madagascar, year by year
Forest loss is slowing down: about 258,000 hectares a year in 2021–2025, down from 351,000 hectares a year in 2016–2020. The worst year was 2017, when about 511,000 hectares of forest were lost.
Hectares of forest lost each year
Show the figures as a table
| Year | Cleared for good | Can grow back | Total |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2001 | 16,500 ha | 70,600 ha | 87,100 ha |
| 2002 | 23,700 ha | 65,800 ha | 89,500 ha |
| 2003 | 24,500 ha | 59,700 ha | 84,200 ha |
| 2004 | 18,600 ha | 63,400 ha | 82,000 ha |
| 2005 | 29,400 ha | 64,200 ha | 93,600 ha |
| 2006 | 35,100 ha | 35,900 ha | 71,000 ha |
| 2007 | 58,100 ha | 131,000 ha | 189,000 ha |
| 2008 | 44,400 ha | 79,000 ha | 123,000 ha |
| 2009 | 43,800 ha | 92,900 ha | 137,000 ha |
| 2010 | 40,300 ha | 67,000 ha | 107,000 ha |
| 2011 | 43,900 ha | 119,000 ha | 163,000 ha |
| 2012 | 35,200 ha | 93,400 ha | 129,000 ha |
| 2013 | 46,000 ha | 254,000 ha | 300,000 ha |
| 2014 | 77,200 ha | 340,000 ha | 417,000 ha |
| 2015 | 53,200 ha | 249,000 ha | 302,000 ha |
| 2016 | 53,900 ha | 330,000 ha | 384,000 ha |
| 2017 | 98,700 ha | 412,000 ha | 511,000 ha |
| 2018 | 66,400 ha | 301,000 ha | 367,000 ha |
| 2019 | 52,800 ha | 202,000 ha | 255,000 ha |
| 2020 | 39,100 ha | 202,000 ha | 241,000 ha |
| 2021 | 47,800 ha | 187,000 ha | 235,000 ha |
| 2022 | 43,900 ha | 213,000 ha | 256,000 ha |
| 2023 | 54,300 ha | 249,000 ha | 303,000 ha |
| 2024 | 39,200 ha | 192,000 ha | 231,000 ha |
| 2025 | 42,700 ha | 220,000 ha | 263,000 ha |
The satellite method improved in 2011, so compare recent years with each other rather than with the 2000s. Hover over or tap a year for its figures.
Causes
What is causing deforestation in Madagascar?
- 21%cleared for good (deforestation)
- 79%can grow back (fire, logging, storms)
- Shifting farming70% · 3.8 million ha
Can grow back. Small patches cleared to grow crops for a few seasons, then left to grow back.
- Farms, pasture and plantations21% · 1.12 million ha
Cleared for good. Forest cleared for crops, cattle pasture or tree plantations: the biggest cause of deforestation in the world.
- Wildfires6.8% · 369,000 ha
Can grow back. Forest burned. It often grows back, though fire is sometimes used to clear land for good.
- Logging1.5% · 82,800 ha
Can grow back. Trees cut for timber or paper. The land usually stays forest and grows back.
Also, each under 1%: storms, floods and other natural causes, mining and energy, towns and roads, unknown causes.
Causes for 2025 are estimates, based on what caused forest loss in the same places up to 2024.
Is all forest loss deforestation?
No. When forest is cleared for farms, mines or towns, it is gone for good: that is deforestation. When it is logged or burned, it usually grows back. We count both as forest lost, but only the first as deforestation, so a country with a bad fire year isn't shown as clearing its forest for good.
Cities that lost the most forest around them
Forest lost within 10 km of each city centre since 2001.
| City | Forest lost | Share of its forest | Cleared for good |
|---|---|---|---|
| Toamasina | 3,200 ha | 36% | 938 ha |
| Antsiranana | 808 ha | 15% | 276 ha |
| Fianarantsoa | 787 ha | 23% | 631 ha |
| Antsirabe | 117 ha | 23% | 86 ha |
| Antananarivo | 57 ha | 3.3% | 43 ha |
| Mahajanga | 27 ha | 14% | 25 ha |
Frequently asked
Questions about deforestation in Madagascar
How much forest has Madagascar lost since 2001?
Since 2001, Madagascar has lost about 5.42 million hectares of forest (about 54,000 km²): 32% of the forest it had in 2000. Most of it was lost to shifting farming, so much of it can grow back. About 1.13 million hectares (21%) was deforestation: forest cleared for good for farms, mines or towns.
Is deforestation in Madagascar getting worse?
Forest loss is slowing down: about 258,000 hectares a year in 2021–2025, down from 351,000 hectares a year in 2016–2020. These are five-year averages from 2011 on, the years the satellite maps were all made the same way.
What is causing deforestation in Madagascar?
The main causes of forest loss since 2001 are shifting farming (70%), farms, pasture and plantations (21%), wildfires (6.8%). About 1.13 million hectares was deforestation, meaning forest cleared for good for farms, mines or towns. Causes for 2025 are estimates, based on what caused forest loss in the same places up to 2024.
What was the worst year for forest loss in Madagascar?
The worst year was 2017, when about 511,000 hectares of forest were lost.
How is forest loss measured?
We use satellite maps from the University of Maryland (Hansen and colleagues) that show, for every 30 × 30 m patch of land on Earth, the year its trees were cut down, burned or died, from 2001 to 2025. We add up those patches in Madagascar, counting only places that were at least 30% covered by trees in 2000. The cause of each loss comes from a map made by the World Resources Institute and Google DeepMind. All figures are estimates.