Indonesia · South Sulawesi · 4 cities
Air quality in South Sulawesi today The AQI right now, city by city
Right now, Parepare has the cleanest air of the 4 cities we track in South Sulawesi (AQI 51, Moderate), and Makassar the worst (AQI 131, Unhealthy for sensitive groups). Parepare has the most tree cover, at 24.9% — #78 of 155 cities measured in Indonesia.
Every city is measured the same way, over the same 2 km around its center: the air quality right now, from ground stations where there are any, and its tree cover.
AQI 85
Average right now
Moderate
- cities tracked
- 4
- average tree cover
- 18.6%
- Indonesia: 28.0%
- worst air now: Makassar
- 131
- cleanest air now: Parepare
- 51
Lower is better on the US EPA index: 0–50 is Good, above 300 is Hazardous, and it reads differently from Indonesia's ISPU. Measured by Airleaf, refreshed hourly.
South Sulawesi · average AQI 85
Air quality today across South Sulawesi, city by city
| Makassar | 131Unhealthy for sensitive groups | 8.3% | 83.9K | #153 of 155 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Palopo | 62Moderate | 19.0% | 21.8K | #109 of 155 |
| Parepare | 51Moderate | 24.9% | 8.9K | #78 of 155 |
| Watampone | 97Moderate | 22.1% | 24.8K | #93 of 155 |
Air quality is the US AQI from ground monitoring stations via OpenAQ where available, otherwise the Open-Meteo / CAMS model, refreshed hourly. Tree cover is measured within 2 km of each city center from Sentinel-2 imagery; the rank compares every city measured in Indonesia.
Is this the same as Indonesia's ISPU?
No. Airleaf shows the US EPA Air Quality Index (AQI), the scale used by IQAir and most air-quality apps. Indonesia's official index is the ISPU (Indeks Standar Pencemar Udara), published by the environment ministry from its own monitoring stations. Its bands are 0–50 Baik (good), 51–100 Sedang (moderate), 101–200 Tidak Sehat (unhealthy), 201–300 Sangat Tidak Sehat (very unhealthy) and over 300 Berbahaya (hazardous). The two indexes use different breakpoints and averaging times, so the same air can score differently on each.
Deforestation · 2001–2025
How much forest has South Sulawesi lost?
Since 2001, South Sulawesi has lost about 401,000 hectares of forest (about 4,000 km²): 13% of the forest it had in 2000. Most of it (80%) was deforestation, forest cleared for good, mainly for farms, pasture and plantations.
- Forest lost since 2001
- 401,000 haabout 4,000 km²
- Share of its forest
- 13%of what there was in 2000
- Cleared for good
- 322,000 hadeforestation: turned into farms, mines or towns
Hectares of forest lost each year
Show the figures as a table
| Year | Cleared for good | Can grow back | Total |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2001 | 6,710 ha | 1,630 ha | 8,340 ha |
| 2002 | 8,850 ha | 4,110 ha | 13,000 ha |
| 2003 | 4,480 ha | 1,590 ha | 6,070 ha |
| 2004 | 13,900 ha | 4,010 ha | 17,900 ha |
| 2005 | 6,330 ha | 2,270 ha | 8,600 ha |
| 2006 | 10,900 ha | 3,000 ha | 13,900 ha |
| 2007 | 7,490 ha | 2,010 ha | 9,510 ha |
| 2008 | 7,320 ha | 831 ha | 8,150 ha |
| 2009 | 21,300 ha | 2,380 ha | 23,700 ha |
| 2010 | 7,820 ha | 804 ha | 8,630 ha |
| 2011 | 13,200 ha | 1,170 ha | 14,400 ha |
| 2012 | 14,800 ha | 1,570 ha | 16,400 ha |
| 2013 | 7,930 ha | 1,260 ha | 9,180 ha |
| 2014 | 18,700 ha | 3,000 ha | 21,700 ha |
| 2015 | 20,800 ha | 7,650 ha | 28,500 ha |
| 2016 | 20,200 ha | 11,200 ha | 31,400 ha |
| 2017 | 19,200 ha | 5,050 ha | 24,300 ha |
| 2018 | 16,300 ha | 3,620 ha | 19,900 ha |
| 2019 | 19,900 ha | 3,390 ha | 23,300 ha |
| 2020 | 11,000 ha | 3,600 ha | 14,600 ha |
| 2021 | 8,250 ha | 2,370 ha | 10,600 ha |
| 2022 | 14,000 ha | 2,710 ha | 16,700 ha |
| 2023 | 24,100 ha | 3,800 ha | 27,900 ha |
| 2024 | 7,450 ha | 2,630 ha | 10,100 ha |
| 2025 | 11,100 ha | 3,700 ha | 14,800 ha |
Forest loss is slowing down: about 16,000 hectares a year in 2021–2025, down from 22,700 hectares a year in 2016–2020. The worst year was 2016, when about 31,400 hectares of forest were lost.
What is causing deforestation in South Sulawesi?
- Farms, pasture and plantationscleared for good78% · 314,000 ha
- Shifting farmingcan grow back10% · 41,300 ha
- Wildfirescan grow back4.9% · 19,700 ha
Also: logging, storms, floods and other natural causes, mining and energy, towns and roads, unknown causes.
Causes for 2025 are estimates, based on what caused forest loss in the same places up to 2024.
Source: Hansen/UMD/Google/USGS/NASA, Global Forest Change (GFC-2025-v1.13); causes: WRI/Google DeepMind drivers of forest loss; both CC BY 4.0, summed by Airleaf for each area. How it's measured
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