Indonesia · North Sulawesi · 3 cities
Air quality in North Sulawesi today The AQI right now, city by city
Right now, Manado has the cleanest air of the 3 cities we track in North Sulawesi (AQI 28, Good), and Bitung the worst (AQI 57, Moderate). Kotamobagu has the most tree cover, at 46.1% — #22 of 155 cities measured in Indonesia.
Every city is measured the same way, over the same 2 km around its center: the air quality right now, from ground stations where there are any, and its tree cover.
AQI 47
Average right now
Good
- cities tracked
- 3
- average tree cover
- 35.0%
- Indonesia: 28.0%
- worst air now: Bitung
- 57
- cleanest air now: Manado
- 28
Lower is better on the US EPA index: 0–50 is Good, above 300 is Hazardous, and it reads differently from Indonesia's ISPU. Measured by Airleaf, refreshed hourly.
North Sulawesi · average AQI 47
Air quality today across North Sulawesi, city by city
| Manado | 28Good | 26.8% | 9.4K | #67 of 155 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bitung | 57Moderate | 32.1% | — | #51 of 155 |
| Kotamobagu | 56Moderate | 46.1% | — | #22 of 155 |
Air quality is the US AQI from ground monitoring stations via OpenAQ where available, otherwise the Open-Meteo / CAMS model, refreshed hourly. Tree cover is measured within 2 km of each city center from Sentinel-2 imagery; the rank compares every city measured in Indonesia.
Is this the same as Indonesia's ISPU?
No. Airleaf shows the US EPA Air Quality Index (AQI), the scale used by IQAir and most air-quality apps. Indonesia's official index is the ISPU (Indeks Standar Pencemar Udara), published by the environment ministry from its own monitoring stations. Its bands are 0–50 Baik (good), 51–100 Sedang (moderate), 101–200 Tidak Sehat (unhealthy), 201–300 Sangat Tidak Sehat (very unhealthy) and over 300 Berbahaya (hazardous). The two indexes use different breakpoints and averaging times, so the same air can score differently on each.
Deforestation · 2001–2025
How much forest has North Sulawesi lost?
Since 2001, North Sulawesi has lost about 125,000 hectares of forest (about 170,000 football pitches): 9.7% of the forest it had in 2000. Most of it (71%) was deforestation, forest cleared for good, mainly for farms, pasture and plantations.
- Forest lost since 2001
- 125,000 haabout 170,000 football pitches
- Share of its forest
- 9.7%of what there was in 2000
- Cleared for good
- 88,500 hadeforestation: turned into farms, mines or towns
Hectares of forest lost each year
Show the figures as a table
| Year | Cleared for good | Can grow back | Total |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2001 | 3,160 ha | 1,310 ha | 4,470 ha |
| 2002 | 4,830 ha | 2,790 ha | 7,620 ha |
| 2003 | 1,560 ha | 1,350 ha | 2,900 ha |
| 2004 | 4,540 ha | 2,280 ha | 6,810 ha |
| 2005 | 2,300 ha | 1,200 ha | 3,500 ha |
| 2006 | 3,510 ha | 1,390 ha | 4,890 ha |
| 2007 | 2,980 ha | 1,280 ha | 4,260 ha |
| 2008 | 1,260 ha | 371 ha | 1,630 ha |
| 2009 | 5,700 ha | 1,250 ha | 6,950 ha |
| 2010 | 1,570 ha | 448 ha | 2,020 ha |
| 2011 | 2,230 ha | 828 ha | 3,050 ha |
| 2012 | 1,980 ha | 648 ha | 2,630 ha |
| 2013 | 1,280 ha | 421 ha | 1,700 ha |
| 2014 | 5,090 ha | 1,670 ha | 6,750 ha |
| 2015 | 8,830 ha | 6,630 ha | 15,500 ha |
| 2016 | 4,770 ha | 3,990 ha | 8,760 ha |
| 2017 | 4,160 ha | 1,560 ha | 5,720 ha |
| 2018 | 5,960 ha | 1,490 ha | 7,450 ha |
| 2019 | 7,360 ha | 1,390 ha | 8,750 ha |
| 2020 | 2,190 ha | 923 ha | 3,120 ha |
| 2021 | 2,150 ha | 673 ha | 2,820 ha |
| 2022 | 2,160 ha | 572 ha | 2,730 ha |
| 2023 | 4,940 ha | 724 ha | 5,670 ha |
| 2024 | 1,900 ha | 591 ha | 2,490 ha |
| 2025 | 2,090 ha | 670 ha | 2,760 ha |
Forest loss is slowing down: about 3,300 hectares a year in 2021–2025, down from 6,760 hectares a year in 2016–2020. The worst year was 2015, when about 15,500 hectares of forest were lost.
What is causing deforestation in North Sulawesi?
- Farms, pasture and plantationscleared for good67% · 83,800 ha
- Shifting farmingcan grow back16% · 20,500 ha
- Loggingcan grow back7.2% · 9,040 ha
Also: wildfires, mining and energy, towns and roads, storms, floods and other natural causes, unknown causes.
Causes for 2025 are estimates, based on what caused forest loss in the same places up to 2024.
Source: Hansen/UMD/Google/USGS/NASA, Global Forest Change (GFC-2025-v1.13); causes: WRI/Google DeepMind drivers of forest loss; both CC BY 4.0, summed by Airleaf for each area. How it's measured
Other provinces in Indonesia
Clean-air buying guides
Cleaner air at home in North Sulawesi
Picked by tested clean-air delivery rate (CADR), noise and running cost, from independent test labels. No brand pays to be listed.
- The best air purifiers for wildfire smoke and smog
Air purifiers that keep up with wildfire smoke and winter smog, ranked by verified smoke CADR, with the room each one clears on a smoky day.
- The best air purifiers for bedrooms: quiet picks sized for your room
Quiet HEPA air purifiers for bedrooms, compared on what matters at night: noise on the lowest setting (from 20 dB), verified room size and filter cost.
- The best air purifiers under $200
Good HEPA air purifiers under $200 at the makers' own prices, compared on verified clean air, room size and what the filters cost each year.
Your own street