City report · North Sulawesi, Indonesia
Kotamobagu Air quality today
Air quality in Kotamobagu currently reads AQI 56 (Moderate): Unusually sensitive people should consider limiting long outdoor exertion.
AQI 56
Air quality right now
Moderate
- PM2.5, fine particles (µg/m³)
- 15.3
- tree cover
- 46.1%
- trees in this area
- 145K
- more trees needed
- 0
Measured across a 2 km radius around Kotamobagu, Kotamobagu City, North Sulawesi, Indonesia (12.57 km²), from a satellite image of Sep 19, 2026. Lower AQI is better: 0–50 is Good, above 300 is Hazardous.
Kotamobagu · AQI 56 (Moderate)
Kotamobagu's tree count comes to 144,827 trees across 12.57 km², already at or above the 30% tree-cover level considered healthy for this area.
Air quality detail
Air quality in Kotamobagu today: AQI 56, Moderate
Main pollutant: PM2.5 · Observed Nov 11, 18:00 local time via Open-Meteo / CAMS, US EPA index. Values in µg/m³.
Model estimate · no ground station nearby
Health signal
Unusually sensitive people should consider limiting long outdoor exertion.
PM2.5
15.3
PM10
15.9
NO₂
5.3
O₃
31.0
SO₂
1.9
CO
599.0
- Outdoor exercise
- Fine for most people; unusually sensitive people should take long or hard exercise easier
- Windows
- Fine to open; close them if you are sensitive to pollution
- Mask
- Not needed for most people
- Air purifier
- Worth running if you are sensitive
Over the last 7 days, the CAMS air-quality model put Kotamobagu's daily AQI at 63 on average, from 43 on Nov 8 to an hourly peak of 166 on Nov 5.
This is the US EPA AQI. How it differs from Indonesia's ISPU
Where Kotamobagu stands: the most polluted cities in the world right now · the cleanest
Tree cover detail
Tree cover in Kotamobagu: Healthy tree cover
46.1% tree cover against a 30% healthy-neighborhood target, across 12.57 km².
Trees in this area
144,827
Target trees
144,827
More trees needed
0
CO₂ if planted / yr
0 kg
Deforestation · 2001–2025
How much forest has Kotamobagu lost?
Since 2001, the area within 10 km of Kotamobagu has lost about 2,030 hectares of forest (about 2,800 football pitches): 7.7% of the forest it had in 2000. Most of it (59%) was deforestation, forest cleared for good, mainly for farms, pasture and plantations.
2017: satellite photo from November 2017 of a 5 × 5 km area about 6 km west of the city center.
- Forest lost since 2001
- 2,030 haabout 2,800 football pitches
- Share of its forest
- 7.7%of what there was in 2000
- Cleared for good
- 1,190 hadeforestation: turned into farms, mines or towns
Forest loss has stayed about the same: about 97 hectares a year in 2021–2025, against 107 hectares a year in 2016–2020. The worst year was 2025, when about 153 hectares of forest were lost.
Hectares of forest lost each year
Show the figures as a table
| Year | Cleared for good | Can grow back | Total |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2001 | 37 ha | 25 ha | 61 ha |
| 2002 | 37 ha | 58 ha | 96 ha |
| 2003 | 9 ha | 16 ha | 24 ha |
| 2004 | 69 ha | 56 ha | 125 ha |
| 2005 | 22 ha | 35 ha | 57 ha |
| 2006 | 37 ha | 35 ha | 72 ha |
| 2007 | 26 ha | 20 ha | 46 ha |
| 2008 | 14 ha | 9 ha | 23 ha |
| 2009 | 99 ha | 36 ha | 135 ha |
| 2010 | 16 ha | 12 ha | 28 ha |
| 2011 | 20 ha | 10 ha | 30 ha |
| 2012 | 23 ha | 18 ha | 41 ha |
| 2013 | 9 ha | 24 ha | 33 ha |
| 2014 | 31 ha | 81 ha | 111 ha |
| 2015 | 50 ha | 75 ha | 125 ha |
| 2016 | 61 ha | 67 ha | 128 ha |
| 2017 | 45 ha | 47 ha | 92 ha |
| 2018 | 79 ha | 53 ha | 131 ha |
| 2019 | 71 ha | 38 ha | 109 ha |
| 2020 | 48 ha | 25 ha | 73 ha |
| 2021 | 72 ha | 16 ha | 89 ha |
| 2022 | 59 ha | 17 ha | 76 ha |
| 2023 | 98 ha | 20 ha | 118 ha |
| 2024 | 37 ha | 14 ha | 51 ha |
| 2025 | 121 ha | 32 ha | 153 ha |
What is causing deforestation around Kotamobagu?
- Farms, pasture and plantationscleared for good55% · 1,110 ha
- Shifting farmingcan grow back31% · 636 ha
- Loggingcan grow back7.7% · 157 ha
Also: towns and roads, storms, floods and other natural causes, mining and energy, unknown causes.
Causes for 2025 are estimates, based on what caused forest loss in the same places up to 2024.
Forest gained and lost, 2000–2020
- Forest in 2000
- 28,600 ha
- Forest in 2020
- 28,200 ha
- Overall change
- −305 haless forest than in 2000
Comparing satellite maps from 2000 and 2020, the forest around Kotamobagu stayed about the same size, at about 28,200 hectares: new forest grew on about 31 hectares, and about 336 hectares were lost.
These 2000 and 2020 maps, from the University of Maryland, count any land with trees taller than 5 m as forest, including plantations and orchards. Forest that was cut or burned and had grown back by 2020 counts in both years, so the loss here is smaller than the yearly figures.
These figures cover everything within 10 km of the city center, a wider area than the report above, because forest is usually lost at a city's edges.
Source: Hansen/UMD/Google/USGS/NASA, Global Forest Change (GFC-2025-v1.13); causes: WRI/Google DeepMind drivers of forest loss; both CC BY 4.0, summed by Airleaf for each area. Forest gained and lost 2000–2020: Potapov et al. 2022, UMD GLAD Global Land Cover and Land Use Change, CC BY 4.0. Images: contains modified Copernicus Sentinel data. How it's measured
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Frequently asked
Questions about Kotamobagu
What is the air quality (AQI) in Kotamobagu right now?
The latest reading for Kotamobagu shows an AQI of 56 (Moderate), observed Nov 11, 18:00 local time via Open-Meteo / CAMS, US EPA index. The main pollutant is PM2.5. Unusually sensitive people should consider limiting long outdoor exertion.
Is it safe to exercise outside in Kotamobagu today?
At AQI 56 (Moderate): fine for most people; unusually sensitive people should take long or hard exercise easier. Windows: fine to open; close them if you are sensitive to pollution. Masks: not needed for most people. The reading changes through the day, so check again before a long run or ride.
What has the air quality in Kotamobagu been like this week?
Over the last 7 days, the CAMS air-quality model put Kotamobagu's daily AQI at 63 on average, from 43 on Nov 8 to an hourly peak of 166 on Nov 5. On 1 of those days the average was above 100, unhealthy for sensitive groups.
Is Kotamobagu's AQI the same as Indonesia's ISPU?
No. Airleaf shows the US EPA Air Quality Index (AQI), the scale used by IQAir and most air-quality apps. Indonesia's official index is the ISPU (Indeks Standar Pencemar Udara), published by the environment ministry from its own monitoring stations. Its bands are 0–50 Baik (good), 51–100 Sedang (moderate), 101–200 Tidak Sehat (unhealthy), 201–300 Sangat Tidak Sehat (very unhealthy) and over 300 Berbahaya (hazardous). The two indexes use different breakpoints and averaging times, so the same air can score differently on each.
How much forest has the area around Kotamobagu lost since 2001?
Since 2001, the area within 10 km of Kotamobagu has lost about 2,030 hectares of forest (about 2,800 football pitches): 7.7% of the forest it had in 2000. Most of it (59%) was deforestation, forest cleared for good, mainly for farms, pasture and plantations. Forest loss has stayed about the same: about 97 hectares a year in 2021–2025, against 107 hectares a year in 2016–2020. Comparing satellite maps from 2000 and 2020, the forest around Kotamobagu stayed about the same size, at about 28,200 hectares: new forest grew on about 31 hectares, and about 336 hectares were lost.
What is the tree count in Kotamobagu?
Kotamobagu has an estimated 144,827 trees across the 12.57 km² measured — 46.1% tree cover, already past the 30% tree-cover target set for this area.
How many more trees does Kotamobagu need?
Kotamobagu has already reached its tree-cover target, so no additional trees are needed to close the gap.
How are Kotamobagu's air quality and tree cover measured?
Air quality comes from ground monitoring stations via OpenAQ where one reports nearby, and otherwise, as here, from the Open-Meteo / CAMS model, which may differ from street-level monitors. Tree cover is measured from Sentinel-2 L2A (ESA Copernicus) via Earth Search satellite imagery at 10 m detail across a 2 km radius around Kotamobagu; the tree count is an estimate derived from that cover.
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