Kathmandu
2 km around Bhrikuti Mandap
Air quality now
AQI 129
9.4%
tree cover
80.4K more trees would reach 35% tree cover
Asia · air quality report · 13 cities
Right now the 13 cities Airleaf measures in Nepal average AQI 132 (unhealthy for sensitive groups). The worst air is in Janakpur, at AQI 225, and the cleanest in Birendranagar, at AQI 81.
At ground stations alone, which measure rather than estimate, the average is AQI 145 across 10 cities. 69% of the 13 measured cities are over AQI 100 today, where the air stops being fine for sensitive groups.
Average right now
AQI 132
Unhealthy for sensitive groups
Updated . Lower is better on the US EPA index: 0–50 is Good, above 300 is Hazardous. Measured by Airleaf.
Nepal · average AQI 132
2 km around Bhrikuti Mandap
Air quality now
AQI 129
9.4%
tree cover
80.4K more trees would reach 35% tree cover
2 km around Pokhara
Air quality now
AQI 86
56.5%
tree cover
Healthy tree cover
2 km around Bharatpur
Air quality now
AQI 133
29.8%
tree cover
16.3K more trees would reach 35% tree cover
2 km around Birgunj
Air quality now
AQI 185
25.8%
tree cover
44.6K more trees would reach 40% tree cover
2 km around Janpath Tole
Air quality now
AQI 196
22.4%
tree cover
55.2K more trees would reach 40% tree cover
2 km around Santoshi Tol
Air quality now
AQI 148
32.6%
tree cover
7.5K more trees would reach 35% tree cover
2 km around Hetauda
Air quality now
AQI 111
49.1%
tree cover
Healthy tree cover
2 km around Janakpur
Air quality now
AQI 225
28.4%
tree cover
51.8K more trees would reach 45% tree cover
Across the country
69% of the 13 measured cities are over AQI 100 today, where the air stops being fine for sensitive groups. Sensitive groups should limit long or intense outdoor activity.
13 measured cities
Every measured city, including model estimates where no ground station is near.
In aggregate
Every figure below is read the same way over the same 2 km area per city, so they add up and compare like for like. Averaged across the 13 of 13 cities measured so far in Nepal.
Excludes barren and desert sites
Against everywhere else
Right now the cities of Nepal average cleaner air than 2% of the 171 countries Airleaf has enough cities to average, and more tree cover than 71%.
Cleaner air than…
More tree cover than…
See the most polluted and cleanest air rankings for every country.
Deforestation · 2001–2025
Since 2001, Nepal has lost about 61,600 hectares of forest (about 86,000 football pitches): 1.2% of the forest it had in 2000. Most of it (54%) was deforestation, forest cleared for good, mainly for farms, pasture and plantations.
Hectares of forest lost each year
| Year | Cleared for good | Can grow back | Total |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2001 | 873 ha | 653 ha | 1,530 ha |
| 2002 | 1,160 ha | 974 ha | 2,130 ha |
| 2003 | 1,110 ha | 1,200 ha | 2,310 ha |
| 2004 | 1,420 ha | 1,070 ha | 2,490 ha |
| 2005 | 1,490 ha | 1,290 ha | 2,790 ha |
| 2006 | 1,930 ha | 1,340 ha | 3,270 ha |
| 2007 | 1,820 ha | 1,660 ha | 3,480 ha |
| 2008 | 1,820 ha | 1,190 ha | 3,010 ha |
| 2009 | 2,700 ha | 2,810 ha | 5,510 ha |
| 2010 | 1,400 ha | 946 ha | 2,340 ha |
| 2011 | 1,600 ha | 1,270 ha | 2,860 ha |
| 2012 | 2,720 ha | 2,350 ha | 5,080 ha |
| 2013 | 419 ha | 423 ha | 842 ha |
| 2014 | 540 ha | 626 ha | 1,170 ha |
| 2015 | 292 ha | 284 ha | 576 ha |
| 2016 | 522 ha | 474 ha | 996 ha |
| 2017 | 545 ha | 1,900 ha | 2,440 ha |
| 2018 | 1,080 ha | 599 ha | 1,680 ha |
| 2019 | 1,300 ha | 788 ha | 2,090 ha |
| 2020 | 1,520 ha | 746 ha | 2,270 ha |
| 2021 | 1,640 ha | 1,210 ha | 2,850 ha |
| 2022 | 1,250 ha | 789 ha | 2,040 ha |
| 2023 | 1,280 ha | 994 ha | 2,270 ha |
| 2024 | 1,500 ha | 1,210 ha | 2,710 ha |
| 2025 | 1,190 ha | 1,730 ha | 2,920 ha |
Forest loss is speeding up: about 2,560 hectares a year in 2021–2025, up from 1,890 hectares a year in 2016–2020. The worst year was 2009, when about 5,510 hectares of forest were lost.
Also: storms, floods and other natural causes, wildfires, shifting farming, mining and energy, unknown causes.
Causes for 2025 are estimates, based on what caused forest loss in the same places up to 2024.
Source: Hansen/UMD/Google/USGS/NASA, Global Forest Change (GFC-2025-v1.13); causes: WRI/Google DeepMind drivers of forest loss; both CC BY 4.0, summed by Airleaf for each area. How it's measured
43.6% of Nepal was forested as of 2024, against a 30% benchmark. That already clears the benchmark — the city reports above show where cover is still thin locally. Source: World Bank (FAO).
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Clean-air buying guides
Picked by tested clean-air delivery rate (CADR), noise and running cost, from independent test labels. No brand pays to be listed.
Air purifiers that keep up with wildfire smoke and winter smog, ranked by verified smoke CADR, with the room each one clears on a smoky day.
Good HEPA air purifiers under $200 at the makers' own prices, compared on verified clean air, room size and what the filters cost each year.
NIOSH-approved N95 masks and P100 respirators for smog and smoke, and how to get the fit right. Cloth and surgical masks do little against PM2.5.
Frequently asked
Right now the 13 cities Airleaf measures in Nepal average AQI 132 (unhealthy for sensitive groups). The worst air is in Janakpur, at AQI 225, and the cleanest in Birendranagar, at AQI 81. At ground stations alone, which measure rather than estimate, the average is AQI 145 across 10 cities. 69% of the 13 measured cities are over AQI 100 today, where the air stops being fine for sensitive groups.
Janakpur, at AQI 225 (Very unhealthy) on the US EPA index. Health alert — everyone should avoid long outdoor exertion.
Birendranagar, at AQI 81 (Moderate). Both lists rank current readings, from ground stations wherever Nepal has at least three cities with one.
It depends on the city. 4 cities are Moderate, 5 cities are Unhealthy for sensitive groups, 3 cities are Unhealthy, 1 city is Very unhealthy. At the national average of AQI 132: Sensitive groups should limit long or intense outdoor activity.
About 61,600 ha from 2001 to 2025, 1% of the forest it had in 2000, from the University of Maryland's yearly satellite maps of forest loss. 33,100 ha of it was cleared for good, for farms, mines or towns.
Pokhara, with 56.5% tree cover within 2 km of its center, measured from Sentinel-2 satellite images.
Each city's reading is the US EPA air quality index, from ground monitoring stations where one has reported recently nearby, and from the CAMS atmospheric model elsewhere; each city's report says which. Tree cover is measured over the same 2 km radius in every city, so the cities compare like for like.
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