Country comparison · 165 cities measured
Nigeria vs South Africa Air quality index (AQI) and deforestation
South Africa has cleaner air than Nigeria right now: its cities average AQI 63 against 101.
At ground stations alone, which measure rather than estimate, the averages are Nigeria 81 (13 cities) and South Africa 68 (34 cities). South Africa has lost more forest since 2001. South Africa has more tree cover in its cities.
Average of 99 cities
AQI 101
Unhealthy for sensitive groups
Cleaner on average
- At ground stations
- AQI 81
- Tree cover
- 19.4%
- Forest lost since 2001
- 1.56 million ha
Average of 66 cities
AQI 63
Moderate
Cleaner on average
- At ground stations
- AQI 68
- Tree cover
- 21.8%
- Forest lost since 2001
- 1.66 million ha
Updated . Lower is better on the US EPA index: 0–50 is Good, above 300 is Hazardous. Measured by Airleaf.
Nigeria101South Africa63
Head to head
Nigeria vs South Africa at a glance
South Africa is ahead on 4 of 6 measures, and Nigeria on 2. The better figure in each row is marked.
| Nigeria | South Africa | |
|---|---|---|
| Average air qualityUS AQI, all measured cities. | 101 | 63 (better) |
| At ground stationsCities with a current station reading. | 81 | 68 (better) |
| Cities over AQI 100Not fine for sensitive groups. | 39% | 6% (better) |
| Forest lost since 2001The whole country. | 1.56 million ha (better) | 1.66 million ha |
| Share of its forest lostOf what it had in 2000. | 16% (better) | 28% |
| Average tree coverAcross its measured cities. | 19.4% | 21.8% (better) |
Air quality today
Is South Africa cleaner than Nigeria?
On air quality, yes, right now. South Africa has cleaner air than Nigeria right now: its cities average AQI 63 against 101.
At ground stations alone, which measure rather than estimate, the averages are Nigeria 81 (13 cities) and South Africa 68 (34 cities).
39% of the measured cities in Nigeria are over AQI 100 today, the point where the air stops being fine for sensitive groups, against 6% in South Africa.
How each country's cities split across the air quality bands
Nigeria
- Good2 (2%)
- Moderate58 (59%)
- Unhealthy for sensitive groups29 (29%)
- Unhealthy9 (9%)
- Very unhealthy1 (1%)
South Africa
- Good23 (35%)
- Moderate39 (59%)
- Unhealthy for sensitive groups4 (6%)
Every measured city, including model estimates where no ground station is near.
Against everywhere else
How do Nigeria and South Africa compare with other countries?
Right now the cities of Nigeria average cleaner air than 6% of the 171 countries Airleaf has enough cities to average, and those of South Africa than 32%.
Cleaner air than…
- Nigeria
- Beats 6%
- South Africa
- Beats 32%
More tree cover than…
- Nigeria
- Beats 39%
- South Africa
- Beats 45%
Deforestation · 2001–2025
Which country has lost more forest, Nigeria or South Africa?
South Africa has lost more: about 1.66 million ha of forest from 2001 to 2025, against 1.56 million ha in Nigeria. 169,000 ha of South Africa's was cleared for good, for farms, mines or towns; the rest burned, was logged or can grow back.
The whole country, from the yearly satellite maps of forest loss: unlike the city averages above, this counts every forest, not just the land around cities.
Worst year: 2017, with 172,000 ha lost.
Worst year: 2006, with 105,000 ha lost.
| Nigeria | South Africa | |
|---|---|---|
| Forest lost since 2001Cleared, burned or logged. | 1.56 million ha (better) | 1.66 million ha |
| Share of its forestOf what it had in 2000. | 16% (better) | 28% |
| Cleared for goodTurned into farms, mines or towns. | 1.44 million ha | 169,000 ha (better) |
| Recent trend2021–2025 against the five years before. | Holding steady | Slowing down |
| Main known cause | Farms, pasture and plantations (87%) | Logging (77%) |
Trees
Which country has more tree cover, Nigeria or South Africa?
South Africa does: its measured cities average 21.8% tree cover against 19.4%, a gap of 2.4 percentage points.
| Nigeria | South Africa | |
|---|---|---|
| Trees standingSummed across measured cities. | 5.8M (better) | 4.4M |
| Cities below their targetShort of the canopy target. | 83% | 73% (better) |
| Trees still neededTo reach those targets. | 5.3M | 2.2M (better) |
Behind the averages
The cities behind Nigeria and South Africa
An average says nothing about how far apart the best and worst places are. These are the measured cities at each end.
Nigeria
- Greenest measured city
- Efon-Alaaye76.1% tree cover
- Worst air right now
- NsukkaAQI 151
South Africa
- Greenest measured city
- Pinetown60.7% tree cover
- Worst air right now
- EmalahleniAQI 221
Reading these numbers
What a country average is, and is not
It is a mean of cities
Not a national statistic. Each figure is the average across the cities Airleaf has measured: 99 in Nigeria and 66 in South Africa, each read over the same 2 km radius, on the US EPA index. Rural land and unmeasured towns are not in it.
Coverage shapes the number
A country measured mostly in its capital reads differently from one measured across dozens of towns. Nigeria rests on 99 cities against 66, so its average is the steadier of the two. Forest figures come from the University of Maryland's Global Forest Change maps.
Frequently asked
Nigeria vs South Africa: your questions answered
Is South Africa cleaner than Nigeria?
On air quality, yes, right now: South Africa's cities average AQI 63 against 101 on the US EPA index. These are live readings averaged across cities, so the gap moves with the weather. At ground stations alone, which measure rather than estimate, the averages are Nigeria 81 (13 cities) and South Africa 68 (34 cities).
Which country has lost more forest, Nigeria or South Africa?
South Africa has lost more: about 1.66 million ha of forest from 2001 to 2025, against 1.56 million ha in Nigeria. 169,000 ha of South Africa's was cleared for good, for farms, mines or towns; the rest burned, was logged or can grow back.
Which country has more tree cover, Nigeria or South Africa?
South Africa does: its measured cities average 21.8% tree cover against 19.4%, a gap of 2.4 percentage points.
How many cities are the Nigeria and South Africa figures based on?
99 measured cities in Nigeria and 66 in South Africa. Every one was read the same way, so the two averages are directly comparable, but a country with more measured cities has the more settled figure.
Why are there two air quality averages for each country?
The first covers every measured city, using a ground station where one is close and a model estimate everywhere else. The second counts only cities with a current station reading, which is measured rather than estimated but covers fewer places. Airleaf's world rankings use the station figures only.
Does this cover the whole of Nigeria and South Africa?
The air and tree figures are not: they are the cities Airleaf has measured, each over the same 2 km radius, so treat them as a comparison of urban air and urban tree cover. The forest figures are: they count every forest in the country.
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