Air quality comparison · Paraguay, 532 km apart
Encarnación vs Pedro Juan Caballero Air quality index (AQI) today
Pedro Juan Caballero has cleaner air than Encarnación right now: AQI 37 (Good) against 53 (Moderate).
That puts them in different EPA bands, so the health advice differs today. But over the past 6 days, on modeled daily averages, Encarnación averaged AQI 41 against 42, and it was the cleaner of the two on 2 of those days. Pedro Juan Caballero has lost more forest since 2001. Encarnación has more tree cover.
Paraguay
AQI 53
Moderate
Cleaner right now
- PM2.5
- 10.3 µg/m³
- Main pollutant
- PM2.5
- Source
- Ground station
- Reading
- Nov 11, 13:10 local
Paraguay
AQI 37
Good
Cleaner right now
- PM2.5
- 7.4 µg/m³
- Main pollutant
- PM2.5
- Source
- Model estimate
- Reading
- Nov 11, 06:00 local
Updated . Lower is better on the US EPA index: 0–50 is Good, above 300 is Hazardous. Measured by Airleaf.
Encarnación53Pedro Juan Caballero37
Head to head
Encarnación vs Pedro Juan Caballero at a glance
Encarnación is ahead on 4 of 6 measures, and Pedro Juan Caballero on 2. The better figure in each row is marked.
| Encarnación | Pedro Juan Caballero | |
|---|---|---|
| Air quality nowUS AQI. Lower is better. | 53 | 37 (better) |
| PM2.5Fine particles, µg/m³. | 10.3 | 7.4 (better) |
| Past week's averageUS AQI, 6 days. | 41 (better) | 42 |
| Forest lost since 2001Within 10 km of the center. | 730 ha (better) | 772 ha |
| Tree coverWithin 2 km of the center. | 31.3% (better) | 26.9% |
| Trees still neededTo reach a healthy canopy. | 0 (better) | 9.7K |
Air quality today
What is the air like in Encarnación and Pedro Juan Caballero right now?
Pedro Juan Caballero has cleaner air than Encarnación right now: AQI 37 (Good) against 53 (Moderate). PM2.5 is setting the index in both.
Encarnación is read from a nearby ground station and Pedro Juan Caballero is a model estimate, so the two are not quite like for like.
EncarnaciónPedro Juan Caballero
Concentrations at the same moment as the index above, for the pollutants both places report. Lower is better. The dark marks on the PM2.5 and PM10 rows show the WHO's 24-hour guidelines (15 and 45 µg/m³).
Encarnación: Ground station · NW_45, 4.5 km away. Data: OpenAQ · Breathe2Change, Breathe2Change - LEA (INQUINOA-CONICET-UNT).
Pedro Juan Caballero: Model estimate · no ground station nearby. Data: Open-Meteo / CAMS, US EPA index.
The past week
Which had cleaner air over the past 6 days?
But over the past 6 days, on modeled daily averages, Encarnación averaged AQI 41 against 42, and it was the cleaner of the two on 2 of those days. A single reading can catch a city on a bad afternoon; the week says whether it was the weather or the place.
- Cleaner days
- Encarnación2Pedro Juan Caballero3
- Average AQI
- Encarnación41Pedro Juan Caballero42
- Worst day, AQI
- Encarnación53Pedro Juan Caballero65
The daily numbers (6 days)
| Day | Encarnación | Pedro Juan Caballero |
|---|---|---|
| Nov 5 | 31 | 48 |
| Nov 6 | 44 | 65 |
| Nov 7 | 43 | 42 |
| Nov 8 | 33 | 33 |
| Nov 9 | 53 | 33 |
| Nov 10 | 42 | 31 |
Daily averages from the CAMS atmospheric model for both places, so the week compares like with like. They can differ from today's reading at the top of the page wherever that comes from a ground station.
What it means today
Is it safe to go outside in Encarnación and Pedro Juan Caballero today?
Encarnación (AQI 53, Moderate): Unusually sensitive people should consider limiting long outdoor exertion.
Pedro Juan Caballero (AQI 37, Good): Air quality is satisfactory for everyone.
Exercise outdoors
- Encarnación
- Fine for most people; unusually sensitive people should take long or hard exercise easier.
- Pedro Juan Caballero
- A good day to be active outside.
Windows
- Encarnación
- Fine to open; close them if you are sensitive to pollution.
- Pedro Juan Caballero
- Open them to air the house.
Masks
- Encarnación
- Not needed for most people.
- Pedro Juan Caballero
- Not needed.
Air purifier
- Encarnación
- Worth running if you are sensitive.
- Pedro Juan Caballero
- Not needed.
Against everywhere else
How do Encarnación and Pedro Juan Caballero compare with the rest of the world?
Right now Encarnación's air is cleaner than 57% of the 5,420 places Airleaf tracks, and Pedro Juan Caballero's is cleaner than 73%. Within Paraguay, that is 20% and 60% of its 6 measured places.
Cleaner air than…
- Encarnación
- Beats 57%
- Pedro Juan Caballero
- Beats 73%
More tree cover than…
- Encarnación
- Beats 71%
- Pedro Juan Caballero
- Beats 62%
Includes model estimates as well as station readings, so it can differ from our most polluted and cleanest air rankings, which use station readings only.
Deforestation · 2001–2025
Which has lost more forest, Encarnación or Pedro Juan Caballero?
Pedro Juan Caballero has lost more: about 772 ha of forest within 10 km of its center from 2001 to 2025, against 730 ha around Encarnación. 723 ha of that was cleared for good, for farms, mines or towns.
Measured within 10 km of each center, from the yearly satellite maps of forest loss: a wider circle than the one for tree cover, because forest is usually lost at a city's edges.
Worst year: 2008, with 103 ha lost.
Worst year: 2019, with 86 ha lost.
| Encarnación | Pedro Juan Caballero | |
|---|---|---|
| Forest lost since 2001Cleared, burned or logged. | 730 ha (better) | 772 ha |
| Share of its forestOf what it had in 2000. | 7.1% (better) | 13% |
| Cleared for goodTurned into farms, mines or towns. | 690 ha (better) | 723 ha |
| Recent trend2021–2025 against the five years before. | Too little to call | Slowing down |
| Main known cause | Farms, pasture and plantations (53%) | Farms, pasture and plantations (87%) |
Satellite timelapses
Watch both change, year by year
A clear satellite photo a year of the land around each city. Press play, turn on the forest cleared since the first year, or drag the before and after.
Encarnación
2017: satellite photo from March 2017 of a 5 × 5 km area about 7 km east of the city center.
Pedro Juan Caballero
2017: satellite photo from June 2017 of a 5 × 5 km area about 7 km northwest of the city center.
Trees
Which has more trees, Encarnación or Pedro Juan Caballero?
Encarnación has more tree cover: 31.3% of the land within 2 km of its center against 26.9% around Pedro Juan Caballero, or about 61,162 trees against 84,509.
The dark mark is each place's canopy target: 30% of the land, raised where air quality is poor.
| Encarnación | Pedro Juan Caballero | |
|---|---|---|
| Trees standingEstimated from the canopy area. | 61.2K | 84.5K (better) |
| Trees still neededTo reach the target. Fewer is better. | 0 (better) | 9.7K |
| CO₂ absorbed each yearBy the trees already standing. | 1.3M kg | 1.9M kg (better) |
Tree cover on the satellite image
The same 2 km radius around each center, with the tree cover the satellite found marked on it.
Reading these numbers
How this comparison is made
Air quality index
The US EPA index, computed from current pollutant concentrations: ground stations where a place has them nearby, and the CAMS atmospheric model everywhere else. It moves hour to hour, so it is a snapshot rather than a verdict on either place. The guideline marks are from the WHO's 2021 air quality guidelines.
Trees and forest
Tree cover is the share of ground under canopy within 2 km of each center, read from Sentinel-2 satellite imagery at 10 m detail. It measures that circle, not the whole municipality, which is what makes the two comparable. Forest loss comes from the University of Maryland's Global Forest Change maps.
More on the method on the About Airleaf page.
Frequently asked
Encarnación vs Pedro Juan Caballero: your questions answered
Is Pedro Juan Caballero cleaner than Encarnación?
On air quality, yes, right now: Pedro Juan Caballero reads AQI 37 against 53, a gap of 16 points on the US EPA index. This is a live reading rather than an annual average, so it can reverse within a day. But over the past 6 days, on modeled daily averages, Encarnación averaged AQI 41 against 42, and it was the cleaner of the two on 2 of those days.
Is it safe to exercise outdoors in Encarnación and Pedro Juan Caballero today?
In Encarnación, at AQI 53: Unusually sensitive people should consider limiting long outdoor exertion. In Pedro Juan Caballero, at AQI 37: Air quality is satisfactory for everyone.
Which has lost more forest, Encarnación or Pedro Juan Caballero?
Pedro Juan Caballero has lost more: about 772 ha of forest within 10 km of its center from 2001 to 2025, against 730 ha around Encarnación. 723 ha of that was cleared for good, for farms, mines or towns.
Which has more trees, Encarnación or Pedro Juan Caballero?
Encarnación has more tree cover: 31.3% of the land within 2 km of its center against 26.9% around Pedro Juan Caballero, or about 61,162 trees against 84,509. Both figures describe the same-sized circle of ground around each center, not the whole municipality.
How many more trees do Encarnación and Pedro Juan Caballero need?
Encarnación needs about 0 more to reach its canopy target of 30%, and Pedro Juan Caballero about 9,739 to reach 30%. The target starts at 30% of the land and rises where air quality is poor.
Are Encarnación and Pedro Juan Caballero measured the same way?
The method is the same: the US EPA index for air, and Sentinel-2 satellite imagery at 10 m detail over an identical radius for trees. Encarnación is read from a nearby ground station and Pedro Juan Caballero is a model estimate, so the two are not quite like for like. Nothing is adjusted for population, city limits or climate.
How often does the Encarnación vs Pedro Juan Caballero comparison update?
The air readings refresh about once an hour, and each reading's local time is shown at the top of the page. Tree cover comes from the latest clear satellite image of each area (Sep 16, 2026 and Sep 4, 2026), and the forest figures are published yearly.
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