Air quality comparison · Saudi Arabia, 1183 km apart
Dammam vs Makkah Air quality index (AQI) today
Makkah has cleaner air than Dammam right now: AQI 53 (Moderate) against 72 (Moderate).
Both sit in the same EPA band, so the health advice is the same for each today. But over the past 6 days, on modeled daily averages, Dammam averaged AQI 89 against 105, and it was the cleaner of the two on 4 of those days. Dammam has more tree cover.
Updated . Lower is better on the US EPA index: 0–50 is Good, above 300 is Hazardous. Measured by Airleaf.
Dammam72Makkah53
Head to head
Dammam vs Makkah at a glance
Dammam is ahead on 3 of 5 measures, and Makkah on 2. The better figure in each row is marked.
| Dammam | Makkah | |
|---|---|---|
| Air quality nowUS AQI. Lower is better. | 72 | 53 (better) |
| PM2.5Fine particles, µg/m³. | 20.6 | 10.5 (better) |
| Past week's averageUS AQI, 6 days. | 89 (better) | 105 |
| Tree coverWithin 2 km of the center. | 1.1% (better) | 0.1% |
| Trees still neededTo reach a healthy canopy. | 90.8K (better) | 93.9K |
Air quality today
What is the air like in Dammam and Makkah right now?
Makkah has cleaner air than Dammam right now: AQI 53 (Moderate) against 72 (Moderate). PM2.5 is setting the index in both.
Dammam's PM2.5 is about 1.4× the WHO's 24-hour guideline of 15 µg/m³.
Dammam is read from a nearby ground station and Makkah is a model estimate, so the two are not quite like for like.
DammamMakkah
Concentrations at the same moment as the index above, for the pollutants both places report. Lower is better. The dark marks on the PM2.5 and PM10 rows show the WHO's 24-hour guidelines (15 and 45 µg/m³).
Dammam: Ground station · Taibah, 9.5 km away. Data: OpenAQ · AirGradient, fezode.
Makkah: Model estimate · no ground station nearby. Data: Open-Meteo / CAMS, US EPA index.
The past week
Which had cleaner air over the past 6 days?
But over the past 6 days, on modeled daily averages, Dammam averaged AQI 89 against 105, and it was the cleaner of the two on 4 of those days. A single reading can catch a city on a bad afternoon; the week says whether it was the weather or the place.
- Cleaner days
- Dammam4Makkah2
- Average AQI
- Dammam89Makkah105
- Worst day, AQI
- Dammam107Makkah131
The daily numbers (6 days)
| Day | Dammam | Makkah |
|---|---|---|
| Nov 5 | 98 | 131 |
| Nov 6 | 73 | 126 |
| Nov 7 | 82 | 95 |
| Nov 8 | 107 | 88 |
| Nov 9 | 99 | 94 |
| Nov 10 | 76 | 93 |
Daily averages from the CAMS atmospheric model for both places, so the week compares like with like. They can differ from today's reading at the top of the page wherever that comes from a ground station.
What it means today
Is it safe to go outside in Dammam and Makkah today?
Unusually sensitive people should consider limiting long outdoor exertion. Both are in the same EPA band today (Moderate), so the advice is the same.
Exercise outdoors
Fine for most people; unusually sensitive people should take long or hard exercise easier.
Windows
Fine to open; close them if you are sensitive to pollution.
Masks
Not needed for most people.
Air purifier
Worth running if you are sensitive.
Against everywhere else
How do Dammam and Makkah compare with the rest of the world?
Right now Dammam's air is cleaner than 36% of the 5,420 places Airleaf tracks, and Makkah's is cleaner than 57%. Within Saudi Arabia, that is 42% and 81% of its 27 measured places.
Cleaner air than…
- Dammam
- Beats 36%
- Makkah
- Beats 57%
More tree cover than…
- Dammam
- Beats 2%
- Makkah
- Beats 0%
Includes model estimates as well as station readings, so it can differ from our most polluted and cleanest air rankings, which use station readings only.
Satellite timelapses
Watch both change, year by year
A clear satellite photo a year of the land around each city. Press play, turn on the forest cleared since the first year, or drag the before and after.
Dammam
2018: satellite photo from September 2018 of a 5 × 5 km area in the city center.
Makkah
2017: satellite photo from June 2017 of a 5 × 5 km area in the city center.
Trees
Which has more trees, Dammam or Makkah?
Dammam has more tree cover: 1.1% of the land within 2 km of its center against 0.1% around Makkah, or about 3,456 trees against 314.
The dark mark is each place's canopy target: 30% of the land, raised where air quality is poor.
| Dammam | Makkah | |
|---|---|---|
| Trees standingEstimated from the canopy area. | 3.5K (better) | 314 |
| Trees still neededTo reach the target. Fewer is better. | 90.8K (better) | 93.9K |
| CO₂ absorbed each yearBy the trees already standing. | 76.0K kg (better) | 6.9K kg |
Tree cover on the satellite image
The same 2 km radius around each center, with the tree cover the satellite found marked on it.
Reading these numbers
How this comparison is made
Air quality index
The US EPA index, computed from current pollutant concentrations: ground stations where a place has them nearby, and the CAMS atmospheric model everywhere else. It moves hour to hour, so it is a snapshot rather than a verdict on either place. The guideline marks are from the WHO's 2021 air quality guidelines.
Trees and forest
Tree cover is the share of ground under canopy within 2 km of each center, read from Sentinel-2 satellite imagery at 10 m detail. It measures that circle, not the whole municipality, which is what makes the two comparable. Forest loss comes from the University of Maryland's Global Forest Change maps.
More on the method on the About Airleaf page.
Frequently asked
Dammam vs Makkah: your questions answered
Is Makkah cleaner than Dammam?
On air quality, yes, right now: Makkah reads AQI 53 against 72, a gap of 19 points on the US EPA index. This is a live reading rather than an annual average, so it can reverse within a day. But over the past 6 days, on modeled daily averages, Dammam averaged AQI 89 against 105, and it was the cleaner of the two on 4 of those days.
Is it safe to exercise outdoors in Dammam and Makkah today?
The advice is the same for both today. Unusually sensitive people should consider limiting long outdoor exertion. Dammam reads AQI 72 and Makkah reads AQI 53.
Which has more trees, Dammam or Makkah?
Dammam has more tree cover: 1.1% of the land within 2 km of its center against 0.1% around Makkah, or about 3,456 trees against 314. Both figures describe the same-sized circle of ground around each center, not the whole municipality.
How many more trees do Dammam and Makkah need?
Dammam needs about 90,792 more to reach its canopy target of 30%, and Makkah about 93,934 to reach 30%. The target starts at 30% of the land and rises where air quality is poor.
Are Dammam and Makkah measured the same way?
The method is the same: the US EPA index for air, and Sentinel-2 satellite imagery at 10 m detail over an identical radius for trees. Dammam is read from a nearby ground station and Makkah is a model estimate, so the two are not quite like for like. Nothing is adjusted for population, city limits or climate.
How often does the Dammam vs Makkah comparison update?
The air readings refresh about once an hour, and each reading's local time is shown at the top of the page. Tree cover comes from the latest clear satellite image of each area (Sep 18, 2026 and Sep 17, 2026), and the forest figures are published yearly.
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