Air quality comparison · The Netherlands, 48 km apart
Rotterdam vs Utrecht Air quality index (AQI) today
Rotterdam has cleaner air than Utrecht right now: AQI 73 (Moderate) against 74 (Moderate).
Both sit in the same EPA band, so the health advice is the same for each today. But over the past 7 days, on modeled daily averages, Utrecht averaged AQI 71 against 72, and it was the cleaner of the two on 5 of those days. Utrecht has lost more forest since 2001. Utrecht has more tree cover.
The Netherlands
AQI 73
Moderate
Cleaner right now
- PM2.5
- 21.1 µg/m³1.4× WHO guideline
- Main pollutant
- PM2.5
- Source
- Ground station
- Reading
- Nov 11, 17:00 local
The Netherlands
AQI 74
Moderate
Cleaner right now
- PM2.5
- 21.2 µg/m³1.4× WHO guideline
- Main pollutant
- PM2.5
- Source
- Ground station
- Reading
- Nov 11, 17:00 local
Updated . Lower is better on the US EPA index: 0–50 is Good, above 300 is Hazardous. Measured by Airleaf.
Rotterdam73Utrecht74
Head to head
Rotterdam vs Utrecht at a glance
Rotterdam and Utrecht are level, each ahead on 3 of 6 measures. The better figure in each row is marked.
| Rotterdam | Utrecht | |
|---|---|---|
| Air quality nowUS AQI. Lower is better. | 73 (better) | 74 |
| PM2.5Fine particles, µg/m³. | 21.1 (better) | 21.2 |
| Past week's averageUS AQI, 7 days. | 72 | 71 (better) |
| Forest lost since 2001Within 10 km of the center. | 133 ha (better) | 147 ha |
| Tree coverWithin 2 km of the center. | 25.9% | 27.0% (better) |
| Trees still neededTo reach a healthy canopy. | 11.4K | 9.4K (better) |
Air quality today
What is the air like in Rotterdam and Utrecht right now?
Rotterdam has cleaner air than Utrecht right now: AQI 73 (Moderate) against 74 (Moderate). PM2.5 is setting the index in both.
Rotterdam's PM2.5 is about 1.4× the WHO's 24-hour guideline of 15 µg/m³. Utrecht's PM2.5 is about 1.4× the WHO's 24-hour guideline of 15 µg/m³.
Both readings come from nearby ground stations.
RotterdamUtrecht
Concentrations at the same moment as the index above, for the pollutants both places report. Lower is better. The dark marks on the PM2.5 and PM10 rows show the WHO's 24-hour guidelines (15 and 45 µg/m³).
Rotterdam: Ground station · Rotterdam-Schiedamsevest, 900 m away · median of 8 stations. Data: OpenAQ · EEA, Netherlands, RIVM · Luchtmeetnet.
Utrecht: Ground station · Utrecht-Griftpark, 1.2 km away · median of 6 stations. Data: OpenAQ · EEA, Netherlands, RIVM · Luchtmeetnet.
The past week
Which had cleaner air over the past 7 days?
But over the past 7 days, on modeled daily averages, Utrecht averaged AQI 71 against 72, and it was the cleaner of the two on 5 of those days. A single reading can catch a city on a bad afternoon; the week says whether it was the weather or the place.
- Cleaner days
- Rotterdam2Utrecht5
- Average AQI
- Rotterdam72Utrecht71
- Worst day, AQI
- Rotterdam93Utrecht90
The daily numbers (7 days)
| Day | Rotterdam | Utrecht |
|---|---|---|
| Nov 4 | 46 | 42 |
| Nov 5 | 52 | 50 |
| Nov 6 | 70 | 67 |
| Nov 7 | 87 | 86 |
| Nov 8 | 77 | 81 |
| Nov 9 | 80 | 81 |
| Nov 10 | 93 | 90 |
Daily averages from the CAMS atmospheric model for both places, so the week compares like with like. They can differ from today's reading at the top of the page wherever that comes from a ground station.
What it means today
Is it safe to go outside in Rotterdam and Utrecht today?
Unusually sensitive people should consider limiting long outdoor exertion. Both are in the same EPA band today (Moderate), so the advice is the same.
Exercise outdoors
Fine for most people; unusually sensitive people should take long or hard exercise easier.
Windows
Fine to open; close them if you are sensitive to pollution.
Masks
Not needed for most people.
Air purifier
Worth running if you are sensitive.
Against everywhere else
How do Rotterdam and Utrecht compare with the rest of the world?
Right now Rotterdam's air is cleaner than 36% of the 5,420 places Airleaf tracks, and Utrecht's is cleaner than 35%. Within The Netherlands, that is 58% and 46% of its 25 measured places.
Cleaner air than…
- Rotterdam
- Beats 36%
- Utrecht
- Beats 35%
More tree cover than…
- Rotterdam
- Beats 60%
- Utrecht
- Beats 62%
Includes model estimates as well as station readings, so it can differ from our most polluted and cleanest air rankings, which use station readings only.
Deforestation · 2001–2025
Which has lost more forest, Rotterdam or Utrecht?
Utrecht has lost more: about 147 ha of forest within 10 km of its center from 2001 to 2025, against 133 ha around Rotterdam. 92 ha of that was cleared for good, for farms, mines or towns.
Measured within 10 km of each center, from the yearly satellite maps of forest loss: a wider circle than the one for tree cover, because forest is usually lost at a city's edges.
Worst year: 2019, with 28 ha lost.
Worst year: 2021, with 16 ha lost.
| Rotterdam | Utrecht | |
|---|---|---|
| Forest lost since 2001Cleared, burned or logged. | 133 ha (better) | 147 ha |
| Share of its forestOf what it had in 2000. | 3.2% | 2% (better) |
| Cleared for goodTurned into farms, mines or towns. | 108 ha | 92 ha (better) |
| Recent trend2021–2025 against the five years before. | Too little to call | Too little to call |
| Main known cause | Towns and roads (82%) | Towns and roads (61%) |
Satellite timelapses
Watch both change, year by year
A clear satellite photo a year of the land around each city. Press play, turn on the forest cleared since the first year, or drag the before and after.
Rotterdam
2017: satellite photo from August 2017 of a 5 × 5 km area about 4 km north of the city center.
Utrecht
2017: satellite photo from August 2017 of a 5 × 5 km area in the city center.
Trees
Which has more trees, Rotterdam or Utrecht?
Utrecht has more tree cover: 27.0% of the land within 2 km of its center against 25.9% around Rotterdam, or about 84,738 trees against 72,254.
The dark mark is each place's canopy target: 30% of the land, raised where air quality is poor.
| Rotterdam | Utrecht | |
|---|---|---|
| Trees standingEstimated from the canopy area. | 72.3K | 84.7K (better) |
| Trees still neededTo reach the target. Fewer is better. | 11.4K | 9.4K (better) |
| CO₂ absorbed each yearBy the trees already standing. | 1.6M kg | 1.9M kg (better) |
Tree cover on the satellite image
The same 2 km radius around each center, with the tree cover the satellite found marked on it.
Reading these numbers
How this comparison is made
Air quality index
The US EPA index, computed from current pollutant concentrations: ground stations where a place has them nearby, and the CAMS atmospheric model everywhere else. It moves hour to hour, so it is a snapshot rather than a verdict on either place. The guideline marks are from the WHO's 2021 air quality guidelines.
Trees and forest
Tree cover is the share of ground under canopy within 2 km of each center, read from Sentinel-2 satellite imagery at 10 m detail. It measures that circle, not the whole municipality, which is what makes the two comparable. Forest loss comes from the University of Maryland's Global Forest Change maps.
More on the method on the About Airleaf page.
Frequently asked
Rotterdam vs Utrecht: your questions answered
Is Rotterdam cleaner than Utrecht?
On air quality, yes, right now: Rotterdam reads AQI 73 against 74, a gap of 1 points on the US EPA index. This is a live reading rather than an annual average, so it can reverse within a day. But over the past 7 days, on modeled daily averages, Utrecht averaged AQI 71 against 72, and it was the cleaner of the two on 5 of those days.
Is it safe to exercise outdoors in Rotterdam and Utrecht today?
The advice is the same for both today. Unusually sensitive people should consider limiting long outdoor exertion. Rotterdam reads AQI 73 and Utrecht reads AQI 74.
Which has lost more forest, Rotterdam or Utrecht?
Utrecht has lost more: about 147 ha of forest within 10 km of its center from 2001 to 2025, against 133 ha around Rotterdam. 92 ha of that was cleared for good, for farms, mines or towns.
Which has more trees, Rotterdam or Utrecht?
Utrecht has more tree cover: 27.0% of the land within 2 km of its center against 25.9% around Rotterdam, or about 84,738 trees against 72,254. Both figures describe the same-sized circle of ground around each center, not the whole municipality.
How many more trees do Rotterdam and Utrecht need?
Rotterdam needs about 11,438 more to reach its canopy target of 30%, and Utrecht about 9,415 to reach 30%. The target starts at 30% of the land and rises where air quality is poor.
Why can two places 48 km apart read differently?
Air changes over short distances with traffic, industry, wind and hills, and each reading comes from the nearest ground stations or, where there are none, from a regional model. A gap of a few points between neighbors is within normal variation, while a gap that crosses an EPA band is worth noticing.
Are Rotterdam and Utrecht measured the same way?
The method is the same: the US EPA index for air, and Sentinel-2 satellite imagery at 10 m detail over an identical radius for trees. Both readings come from nearby ground stations. Nothing is adjusted for population, city limits or climate.
How often does the Rotterdam vs Utrecht comparison update?
The air readings refresh about once an hour, and each reading's local time is shown at the top of the page. Tree cover comes from the latest clear satellite image of each area (Aug 12, 2026 and Aug 26, 2026), and the forest figures are published yearly.
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